نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناسی ارشد معماری و انرژی، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.

2 استادیار، گروه فن ساختمان، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.

3 دانشیار، گروه فن ساختمان، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

مطالعات مختلف تایید می‌کنند که ارزیابی شاخص‌های کیفیت محیطی داخلی، در کاربری‌های حساسی مانند ساختمان‌های درمانی، نقش مهمی را در حفظ سلامت، رضایت و بهبود بیماران ایفا می‌کند. تنوع نیازهای مختلف بهره‌برداران(بیمار، همراه بیمار و کارمندان)، شرایط فیزیولوژیکی و حساسیت‌های ذهنی ایشان، اهمیت انتخاب روش مناسب مطالعه این کاربری را افزایش می‌دهد. هدف اصلی این پژوهش بررسی کیفیت محیط داخلی اتاق استراحت بیمار به منظور شناخت مهمترین شاخص کیفیت محیط داخلی تاثیرگذار بر رضایت کاربر و مقایسه شرایط محیطی با استانداردهای موجود در این زمینه است. در پژوهش حاضر از دو روش اندازه‌گیری میدانی داده‌های فیزیکی و پرسشنامه رضایتمندی کاربر، برای سنجش کیفیت محیط داخلی بیمارستان استفاده شده است. سنجش کیفیت محیط داخلی عموما با استفاده از 4 شاخصه‌ی اصلی حرارت، نور، صوت و کیفیت هوای داخلی مورد پژوهش قرار می‌گیرد. به این منظور در پنج بیمارستان واقع در شهر تهران 482 پرسشنامه از بیماران و همراهان بیمار، جمع‌آوری شد. اندازه‌گیری متغیرهای محیطی مانند دمای هوای خشک، رطوبت نسبی، شدت روشنایی، تراز شدت صوت، غلظت ذرات معلق، در فضای اتاق استراحت بیمار، به صورت همزمان با تکمیل پرسشنامه توسط کاربران مطابق با پروتکل های مشخص، توسط پژوهشگر انجام می‌شود. بر اساس نتایج، بیشترین مطابقت با استاندارد در کیفیت هوای داخلی و کمترین در کیفیت صوتی بر اساس استاندارد سازمان جهانی بهداشت مشاهده شده است. نتایج نشان داده‌اند که همبستگی قابل توجهی بین دو شاخص حرارتی و نوری با کیفیت محیط داخلی به ترتیب به میزان  0/59 و 0/42 وجود دارد. این در حالی است که دو شاخص صوتی و کیفیت هوای داخل، باوجود میزان همبستگی بالا با کیفیت محیط داخلی (به ترتیب 0/62 و 0/67)، منبع داخلی دارند. مقایسه‌ی فراوانی نمونه‌های موردی که در داخل محدوده‌ی استاندارد دمایی (23-26 درجه سانتی‌گراد ) با سایر موارد، نشان‌دهنده‌ی افزایش 11 درصدی نارضایتی کاربران به واسطه عدم رعایت این بازه است. با توجه به اینکه کیفیت صوتیِ غالب نمونه‌های موردی خارج از حد استاندارد است، لیکن 30 تا 40 درصد از کاربران، رضایت نسبی از وضعیت صوتی را گزارش کرده‌اند. کیفیت روشنایی نیز، با توجه به روشنایی بیش‌ازحد استاندارد در غالب نمونه‌های موردی، میزان رضایت کاربران را به‌ طور میانگین در بالاترین محدوده رضایت ثبت کرده است.

چکیده تصویری

ارزیابی تاثیر عوامل محیطی بر رضایتمندی بیمار و همراه بیمار در اتاق‌های استراحت بیمارستان‌های شهر تهران

تازه های تحقیق

- عدم رعایت محدوده‌ی استاندارد دمایی و رطوبتی، تأثیر چندانی در نارضایتی کاربران از کیفیت محیط داخلی نداشته است.

- بیماران به ­ترتیب 11+ ، 12- ، 11- ، 6- و 13+ درصد نسبت به همراهان به خروج از محدوده استاندارد دمایی، رطوبتی، صوتی، غلظت کربن­ دی‌­اکسید و غلظت ذرات معلق کوچکتر از 2/5 میکرون حساس بوده‌­اند که بیانگر تاثیرات بیماری بر ادراک کاربران از متغیرهای محیطی است.

- کیفیت هوای داخلی و کیفیت صوتی مهم‌ترین عوامل تأثیرگذار برکیفیت محیط داخلی (با ضریب همبستگی به­ ترتیب 0/67 و 0/62) هستند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluating the effective environmental factors on the satisfaction of patients and companions with the patient’s rooms in Tehran hospitals

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hani Hadadzadegan 1
  • Zahra Sadat Zomorodian 2
  • Mohammad Tahsildoost 3
  • Shadi Jamy 1

1 M.A. in Architecture and Energy, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Design, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Building Science, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Design, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.

3 Associate Professor, Department of Building Science, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Design, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Extended Abstract
Background and Objectives: Various studies confirm that indoor environmental quality (IEQ) evaluation plays an important role in health, wellbeing, and satisfaction, especially in healthcare facilities. Moreover, these building types are among the major energy consumers. The variety of the users’ requests (patient, patient companion, and staff), physiological conditions, and mental sensitivities increase the importance of choosing the appropriate method of studying healthcare buildings. Previous studies have suggested many methods for assessing indoor environmental quality. Recent research has found IEQ to be largely influenced by thermal comfort, acoustic comfort, lighting comfort, and indoor air quality. Also, due to the differences in users’ perceptions of the limits set in the relevant standards and conditions in hospitals, questionnaires were used to compare the users’ satisfaction with standards and real situations. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the quality of the patient’s room indoor environment in order to identify the most important indoor quality indices affecting user satisfaction and compare environmental conditions with existing standards such as American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (Ashare) standard, world health organization (WHO), Iran standards, etc. in this field. In this regard,  physical measurements data of environmental parameters affecting the quality of the indoor environment in medical centers were collected. Then by comparing the results obtained from the users’ questionnaires and physical measurements with related standards and previous research, the most important factor influencing indoor environment quality in patient’s room is identified. Finally, the relationship between the type of users who are separately affected by indoor conditions is expressed.
Methods: In the current study, based on the results of previously validated studies, the physical data and users’ satisfaction levels are measured via questionnaires to assess the hospitals’ indoor environment quality. Indoor environment quality evaluation is generally studied using the four main characteristics of thermal, lighting, acoustic, and indoor air quality. Five hospitals in Tehran have been selected, and their IEQ has been evaluated. In this regard, 482 questionnaires were completed by the patients and their companions. In these questionnaires, four indices mentioned above, out of the total indices affecting indoor quality, were evaluated. At the same time, these indices have been compared using environmental characteristics such as dry air temperature, relative humidity, lighting intensity, and sound level intensity, carbon dioxide concentration (CO2), fine particulate matter smaller than 2.5 micrometers (PM 2.5) concentration by the researcher, simultaneously with the completion of the questionnaire by users under specific protocols.
Findings: Based on the results, the highest compliance with the standard was observed in indoor air quality (IAQ) and the lowest in sound quality according to the World Health Organization (WHO) standards. The results show that there is a significant correlation between the thermal and optical indices concerning indoor quality, which are 0.59 and 0.42, respectively. However, the two indices of acoustic quality and IAQ, despite their high correlation with indoor quality  (0.62 and 0.67, respectively), have an internal source. Comparing the frequency of case samples within the standard temperature range (23-26°C) with other cases shows an 11% increase in user dissatisfaction due to non-compliance with this range.
Conclusion: Although the acoustic quality of most case samples is out of standard, 30 to 40% of users have reported usual satisfaction with the sound condition. Due to the excess of standard lighting intensity in most case samples, lighting quality has maintained the average level of user satisfaction at the highest level. Also, comparing the results of the users’ satisfaction in the questionnaire with the standard range of the four indoor environmental quality indices stated 100% compliance with indoor air quality, 68% with thermal status, and 18% with lighting status. The results also showed that acoustic status had no significant relationship with standard range and user satisfaction conditions. Also, the dry air temperature factor in evaluating thermal quality is more effective than the relative humidity. Based on the data collected from the statistics, a statistical model is presented to identify the general users’ satisfaction with IEQ based on environmental parameters.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Indoor Air Quality Control
  • Thermal Comfort
  • Lighting Comfort
  • Acoustical Quality
  • Indoor Environment Quality (IEQ)
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