نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

• محسن افشاری

استادیار، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

چکیده

محیط‌های مسکونی تحت عوامل مختلفی قرار دارند، که مهمترین آن «روش زندگی» است، که برآمده از الگوهای فرهنگی هستند، و از این رو، هدف اصلی مسکن ایجاد محیطی متناسب با روش زندگی انسان است. «روش زندگی» به انتخاب کیفیت‌های محیطی مرتبط با شیوه انجام فعالیت‌های زندگی در محیط‌های مسکونی منجر می‌گردد، بنابراین، ساختار «روش زندگی» از طریق مؤلفه‌های آشکار آن همچون فعالیت‌ها و وجوه محیطی آن همچون زمانمندی و فضامندی فعالیت‌ها، توالی زمانی و فضائی فعالیت‌ها و دیگر جنبه‌های آشکار آن قابل مطالعه است. فعالیت‌ها علاوه بر وجوه آشکار دارای وجوه پنهان و معناداری نیز هستند، که بررسی آنها می‌تواند جنبه‌های ذهنی روش زندگی را عیان سازد. در این تحقیق، با ‌توجه به ماهیت مسئله و چارچوب نظری پژوهش، روش «تحقیق کیفی» بر مبنای «نظریه مبنایی» و «استدلال منطقی» مورد استفاده قرار گرفته است، که در یک نمونه موردی در مسکن محیط روستایی (روستای قزمزاری در غرب استان فارس) صورت گرفته است. نتایج تحقیق حاکی از این است که «مؤلفه‌های ذهنی روش زندگی» شامل «سطوح عوامل معنائی» هستند، که «مؤلفه‌های آشکار روش زندگی» و «مؤلفه‌های محیط ساخته شده» از آن تأثیر می‌پذیرند. «سطوح عوامل معنائی» با تأثیر بر انتظام فضائی و زمانی رویدادهای رفتاری و خصوصیات کالبدی مسکن از قبیل؛ عناصر، فواصل و جهات فضائی، محیط مسکن را با مؤلفه‌های پنهان و آشکار روش زندگی هماهنگ می‌سازند. مؤلفه‌های ذهنی روش زندگی و «سطوح عوامل معنائی» با «تعیین خصوصیات فضائی و زمانی رویدادهای رفتاری» از طریق پیامدهایی همچون؛ تفکیک و تجمیع قرارگاه‌های رفتار، توالی زمانی و فضائی قرارگاه‌های رفتار و تعیین خصوصیات کمی و کیفی عناصر فضائی، محیط مسکن را شکل می‌دهند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• مسکن
• روش زندگی
• انتظام محیط
• سطوح معنایی

عنوان مقاله [English]

Explaining the Mechanism of the Influence of Levels of Meaningful Factors of Lifestyle on Dwelling Environment Order Citing a case study of a rural residential environment

نویسنده [English]

• Mohsen Afshari

Assistant Professor, School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Art University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Extended Abstract
Objective and Background: Residential environments are subject to a variety of factors, most notably the "lifestyle" that depends on his culture, and so, the main purpose of dwelling is to create an environment that is fits with the people lifestyle. The structure of the lifestyle can be studied through its explicit components such as activities and its environmental aspects such as the temporality and spatiality of activities, the temporal and spatial sequence of activities, and other obvious aspects of it. Activities also have hidden and meaningful aspects in addition to the explicit aspects, which can reveal the mental aspects of the lifestyle.
Methods: In this study, due to the nature of the problem and the theoretical framework of the research, the method of "qualitative research" based on "basic theory" and "logical reasoning" has been used, which in a case study in rural housing (Qazmzari village in the west Fars Province) has taken place. The reason for selecting the case study of rural housing was cultural integration and the possibility of necessary answers in a relatively small and accessible environment, although the methodology of this research can be generalized to research in other residential environments. The process of obtaining the hidden components of lifestyle as well as meaningful factors is time consuming and has been made possible by recording housing spatial planning maps, recording behavioral arrangement diagrams, conducting semi-structured interviews and then coding categories using grounded theory. The study in different residential environments gives different meanings, therefore, the titles expressed as factors of levels of meanings, findings and summaries of the researcher in the residential environments are studied, and most of the research is based on logical reasoning.
Findings: The "mental components of the lifestyle" include the "levels of meaningful factors" that influence the "explicit components of the lifestyle" and the "features of the dwelling environment". "Levels of meaningful factors" affecting the spatial and temporal order of behavioral events and the physical features of dwelling, such as elements, distances and spatial directions, harmonize the dwelling environment with hidden and overt lifestyle components. The study of mental components affecting living environments shows that according to the importance of mental components, "two levels of meaningful factors" can be identified in proportion to the lower and middle levels of Rapaport classification. "middle level of meaningful factors" are hidden components of the collective lifestyle that affect the features of the residential environment as well as overt behavioral events, and "low level of meaningful factors" are less collective than the middle level, used in family life, Which directly affect the obvious components of lifestyle and physical features of the housing environment. Middle level of meaningful factors that make up living environments, from the mental components of collective living methods such as; "Social status, privacy, identity, kinship, security and livelihood" arise, which are the hidden aspects of the way of life. The second category of mental factors that make up living environments is called "low level of meaningful factors". These meaningful factors directly affect the obvious components of lifestyle and physical features of the housing environment, and as a complement to the middle level meaningful factors, they shape the housing environment.
Conclusion: The concept of "lifestyle" leads to quality of life, activities and ways of doing activities related to environmental qualities in housing. Therefore, the structure lifestyle can be studied through its obvious components such as activities and its environmental aspects such as temporal and spatial sequence of activities and other obvious aspects. These obvious aspects can include elements such as "type of activity, temporality and spatiality of activity, temporal sequence of activities, and spatial sequence of activities." According to the theoretical framework of the study, the study of the components of the structure of lifestyle, activities in addition to the obvious aspects also have hidden and meaningful aspects, the study of which can reveal the mental aspects of lifestyle. Mental components in lifestyle and "levels of meaningful factors" by "determining the spatial and temporal features of behavioral events", order the dwelling environment through the consequences such as the segregation and integration of behviour settings, the temporal and spatial sequences of of behviour settings, and determining the quantitative and qualitative features of spatial elements. Although responding to middle and lower level semantic factors is done simultaneously, responding to "middle level meaningful factors" is a priority. Considering the effect of hidden and overt components of lifestyle on the features of the housing environment, the mechanism of the effect of mental components of lifestyle on the arrangment of the housing environment in this study has been investigated and presented. "Levels of meaningful factors" by "determining the spatial and temporal features of behavioral events" through consequences such as; Separation and aggregation of behavior settings, temporal and spatial sequence of behavior settings and determination of quantitative and qualitative features of spatial elements form the housing environment.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Dwelling
• Lifestyle
• Environment Order
• Meaning Levels