نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری معماری، گروه معماری، واحد اردبیل، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اردبیل، ایران.

2 استادیار، گروه معماری، واحد اردبیل، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اردبیل، ایران.

چکیده

مسکن به عنوان یکی از شیوه‎های سکونت می‎بایست نشانی از برقراری ارتباط میان انسان و محیط را داشته باشد. امروزه از طرفی نوگرایان با نادیده گرفتن این ارتباط، محیطی فاقد معنا آفریده و انسان را سرگردان و بی هویت ساخته و از طرفی دیگر غلبه نگرش اقتصادی به مسکن و کیفیت نازل ساختمان‎های جدیدالاحداث و نادیده گرفتن سیمای مطلوب شهری، مسائل اقلیمی، اجتماعی، فرهنگی، زیست محیطی سبب تشدید نیازهای فیزیکی، روح و ادراک انسان گشته است. با بیان این مشکل هدف اصلی این پژوهش شناسایی الگوهای بومی تاثیرگذار در شکل‏گیری ‏فضاهای مسکونی در بافت کهن شهر اردبیل می‌‌‌باشد. در این پژوهش ابتدا با نگاهی توصیفی- تحلیلی به توصیف متغیرها پرداخته شده، فراوانی و درصد هر متغیر متناسب با وضعیت یا حالات موجود به شکل جدول و نمودار ارائه شده است. در مرحله دوم برای بررسی رابطه بین متغیرها از آزمون آماری کای اسکوئر و ضریب همبستگی پیرسون استفاده شده است. اطلاعات وارد نرم‌افزار SPSS شد و نتایج مورد نیاز با استفاده از آزمون‏های ‏ذکر شده استخراج گردید. نتایج بدست آمده نشان می‌دهد جهت‌گیری ساختمان تاثیری بر جبهه ورودی به ساختمان ندارد اما با بیشتر شدن مساحت عرصه تعداد ورودی‌ها نیز افزایش می‌یابد. در این خانه‌‌‌ها جبهه‌‌‌ی شمالی، رو به نور جنوب و یا جبهه‌‌‌ی قرارگیری تالار، طنبی- پنجره‎های ارسی- مهم‌ترین و شاخص‌‌‌ترین جبهه خانه‌ها است. همچنین مشخصاتی چون استفاده از زیرزمین به طور عمده و تالار و طنبی با استفاده از الگوی شکلی مستطیل و شکم‌‌‌دریده و بهره‌‌‌گیری از اعداد مشخص در فضاها با میزان فراوانی بالا مشاهده می‌‌‌شود.

چکیده تصویری

بازشناسی الگوهای بومی بافت کهن و شناخت فاکتورهای تشکیل دهنده آن در مجموعه‏‌های ‏مسکونی؛ نمونه موردی شهر اردبیل

تازه های تحقیق

- الگوی غالب خانه‌ها مستطیلی و شکم‌دریده
- عدم ارتباط جهت‌گیری ساختمان با جبهه ورودی
- رابطه مستقیم افزایش مساحت عرصه با تعداد ورودی‌ها

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Recognition of the indigenous of historical texture and identification of factors forming residential complexes (Case study: Ardabil city)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Shahrokh Abdollahi Mollai 1
  • Ali Javan Forouzande 2

1 Ph.D Candidate in Architecture, Department of Architecture, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran.

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Extended Abstract
Background and Objectives: As a residence place, housing indicates a relationship between man and the environment. On the one hand, modernists have created a meaningless environment without a specific identity by ignoring the relationship between man and nature. The economic view that outweighs housing, poor-quality new buildings, neglected urban landscape, and the climatic, social, cultural, and environmental issues have intensified human beings’ physical, spiritual, and perceptual needs, on the other hand. Besides, the failure to address indigenous patterns in traditional Iranian cities has led to low-quality urban complexes that have sometimes been met with little public acceptance. Another important point is the lack of a design framework and guidelines for professionals and designers in the urban fabric, which has exacerbated the resulting confusion in the urban appearance. In light of the above, this study mainly aims to identify the effective indigenous patterns in forming residential spaces in the historical texture of Ardabil.
Methods: In this research, surveying 23 houses with the help of measurements, photography, and reviewing archives of the Cultural Heritage Office, the researchers collected essential and basic information and identified the variables with a descriptive-analytical method. The collected results are qualitative and quantitative. The theoretical findings of this research were analyzed using the logical reasoning method. The frequency and percentage of each variable following the existing situation(s) are presented in tables and graphs showing spatial elements. In the second step, the Chi-square test and Pearson correlation coefficient were used to examine the relationship between some variables. The data were entered into SPSS software, and the required results were extracted using the mentioned tests to evaluate several variables and their relationships in real conditions and describe the analysis of the relationship between independent variables and dependent variables.
Findings: The study of the aforementioned cases in the old houses of Ardabil and the typology analysis based on their physical, structural, and decorative features reveal various manifestations of indigenous values and other beliefs governing the architecture of the time. Likewise, it can be acknowledged that the buildings left in the old texture of Ardabil belong mostly to the affluent or middle-class people of the city, and the houses of the low-income groups have been destroyed more quickly due to their insignificance. Consequently, despite other components, two factors of social status and economic status have influenced the construction of house spaces (especially their entrances). Based on the analysis, the valuable historical houses often date back to the Zandieh period and the late Reza Shahi era (first Pahlavi). Most of them belong to the Qajar period. In these houses, with the increase of the court area, the number of entrances to the house also increases. Also, the north equator-facing facade and the front facade, the porches -the Sash windows-  are the most important and prominent parts. In addition, a summer hall and cross-shaped halls with (+) signs have been observed in old houses in this area. Characteristics such as using the basement, rectangular porches, halls, cross-shaped patterns, and using specific numbers are frequently observed.
Conclusion: The results of studying the statistical population’s form and structure show that the combination of open and covered spaces is one of the spatial tendencies for activities and functions in the old context. Consequently, the use of different forms, rectangular proportions, and stable concepts are the main factors in creating a sense of belonging, security, and satisfaction, which can create a dynamic environment by creating interactions and vitality and meeting needs (for educational and cultural activities). So, indigenous culture requires indigenous models to meet social needs. Thus, reviving mental, nostalgic, and historical mindsets, creating traditional physical forms and familiar spaces with the possibility of monitoring events can create a sense of belonging in the elements of the residential complex.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Indigenous Patterns
  • Physical-Morphological Features
  • Historical Texture
  • Ardabil Houses

این مقاله برگرفته از رساله دکتری نویسنده نخست با عنوان «تحلیل نقش الگوهای بومی در شکل‌گیری مجموعه‌‏های ‏مسکونی؛ مورد مطالعاتی: بافت کهن شهر اردبیل» می‌باشد که به راهنمایی نویسنده دوم در دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اردبیل، انجام گرفته است.

This article is derived from the first author`s Doctoral thesis entitled “Analysis of the role of indigenous patterns in the formation of residential complexes under study: the ancient fabric of Ardabil”, supervised by the second author, at Islamic Azad University of Ardabil.

  1. Abdolhoseyni, J. (2011). Adaptability of Design of Residential Houses in Tabriz and Baku with the Native Culture and Climate. The Monthly Scientific Journal of Bagh-e Nazar, 8(18), -.
  2. Amiri, P. (2005). In search of the identity of Ardabil, Publications of the Housing and Urban Development Organization, Ardabil.
  3. Ebrahimi, E., Ahmadi Barogh, S. (2016). Re-creating the center of historical neighborhoods with the approach of revitalizing the fabric. International Conference on New Ideas In Architecture. Ardabil, Iran.
  4. Iranmanesh, E., Nosratpour, D., Mirshak Daghian, M., Hadi, M. (2015). Provide local housing design patterns with emphasis on design elements Climatology; Case: Kerman. Journal of Urban Management, No. 38, 347-370.
  5. Kamali, A., Mohammadnia Qaraee, F. (2015). Revival of old markets with emphasis on strengthening their historical identity, case example: Noughan Bazaar of Mashhad. International Conference on Civil Engineering , Architecture and urban infrastructure, Tabriz, Iran.
  6. Mahmoudi, M. M. (2009). Housing development in line with sustainable development, University of Tehran Publishing Institute.
  7. Mozaffar, f., Asadpour, A. (2014). Analysis of the nature and structure of the representation of urban space in Qajar tiles (case study: Golestan Palace, Tehran), Journal of Landscape Research and Studies, 1(1), -.
  8. Nazari, Sh. (2012). The identity of old Ardabil, Collection of Historical Hexes of Ardabil, Namin and Sarein, Volumes 1 and 2, Azarabadgan Publications, Ardabil.
  9. Pour-Abdullah, H. (2010). Hidden wisdoms in architecture, Kalhor Publications, Tehran.
  10. Rezazadeh Ardabili, M., and Peyghami, L. (2009). An approach based on the knowledge of the traditional city to providing a model of intervention in the texture of Ardabil. Journal of Fine Arts - Architecture and Urban Planning, No. 38.
  11. Safari, B. (1983). Ardabil in the passage of history, Volume 2, Second Edition, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil Branch Publications, Ardabil.
  12. Sameh, R. (2015). Model language, design example: design experience based on indigenous teachings. Qazvin: University Jihad Publications.
  13. Shamaeipour, A. (2001). The effects of physical development of Yazd city on the old context and ways of organizing and reviving it, PhD thesis in Geography and Urban Planning, Supervisor: Ahmadpour Ahmad, Consulting professors: Masoud Mahdavi, Rahmat Allah Farhoudi, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran.
  14. Soltanzadeh, H. (2013). Urban spaces in historical contexts of Iran. Cultural Research Office. Tehran. Iran.
  15. Torabi Tabatabai, S. J. (1970). Antiquities of Azerbaijan (historical monuments and buildings of Ardabil, Arasbaran, Khalkhal, Sarab, ...), Volume 2, Publications of the National Monuments Association, Tehran.
  16. Yazdanfar, S. A., & Naserdoost, Z. (2019). Changes of Lifestyle and Physical Patterns of Houses and their Reciprocal Influences (Case Study: Maragheh City). Journal of Iranian Architecture & Urbanism (JIAU)10(1), 37-60. doi: 10.30475/isau.2019.90968.
  17. Zakerhaghighi, K., Majedi, H., & Habib, F. (2010). Identifying Effective Indicators for Typology of Urban Fabrics. Hoviatshahr, 4(7), 105-112.
  18. Zandehdel, H., Salimi, Z., Norouzi, M. (1998). Ardabil Province. Tourism Research and Publishing Institute, Tehran.