Journal of Iranian Architecture & Urbanism(JIAU)

Abstract The most important problem today is how to protect and preserve the historic heritage. With the spread of adaptive reuse as a solution for sustainable protection, industrial architectural heritage has been prioritized as flexible spaces capable of accommodating new uses. In this article, the MultiCriteria Decision Making method with the AHP approach is introduced as a basis for choosing the high and best use of the Carpet factory of Kerman. Combining the AHP method with the MCDM approach can solve the complexity of problems that contain subjective and conflicting criteria by organising them into a hierarchy that identifies goals, criteria, sub-criterial, and alternatives and determines each item's value pairwise. This research aims to analyze theories, relevant international documents, and develop a theoretical framework by adopting a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approach and analyzing data through the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) in ExpertChoice software. considering that the most important factor in achieving integrated conservation and development approaches in historical cities is attracting people's participation and adopting a bottom-up approach in the decision-making process.so because of The alternatives and criteria were organized using a semi-structured interview with the local community and quarter needs. To include experts, a semi-structured questionnaire based on a theoretical framework was compiled and its data was processed with software. The goal is to determine the best use among three proposed options for the Kerman Carpet Company factory, which is a part of Kerman's Pahlavi-era industrial heritage and was one of the major centers for carpet production and export in the southeast of the country. The findings of this research shows that the use of "creative industries" can improve the social, cultural, and economic levels of the neighborhood, enhance creativity in the city and region, and ensure the protection of both the tangible and intangible values of the complex.

Abstract Urban public spaces play a significant role in meeting human needs and enhancing social interactions. These spaces serve as primary settings for urban events and gatherings of diverse social groups. However, many public spaces suffer from shortcomings that hinder their attractiveness and functionality, resulting in low levels of user presence. To better understand these deficiencies and propose effective strategies to enhance vitality and increase public presence, it is essential to study changes in human activities over different time periods. This research focuses on the forecourt of the Karim Khan Citadel (Arg-e Karimkhani) in Shiraz as a case study. The study aims to investigate the impact of public events on changes in human activities within this urban space, through a comparative analysis of conditions during the Nowruz festival and the post-event period. Adopting a field-based, descriptive-analytical approach, the research seeks to answer how human activities are transformed during and after an event, and which spatial features influence these changes. To build the theoretical framework, a literature review was conducted using documentary methods, and five key variables were selected: activity patterns, activity nodes, types of activity, duration of presence, and movement paths. In the methodological phase, the hypothesis was tested through Jan Gehl’s behavioral mapping techniques such as tracking, tracing, note-taking, and direct observation in two timeframes—during and after the event. By analyzing the collected data with a focus on the selected variables, the study attempts to logically interpret the dynamics of human activity associated with the presence or absence of events. The findings reveal that cultural and social events significantly increase the vibrancy, diversity, and density of collective activities in the space, particularly encouraging the participation of women and children. However, once the events conclude, these indicators visibly decline. Moreover, spatial design, environmental conditions, and temporary design elements play a critical role in shaping the quality and duration of user presence. Based on the results, the study recommends the regular organization of public events along with improvements in the environmental quality of the forecourt space, to enhance its liveliness and social effectiveness as an urban public space.

Abstract Today, the use of artificial intelligence to design house plans has become increasingly popular. However, most of these artificial intelligence systems use machine learning and deep learning algorithms that are trained based on the pixel data set of residential plans and do not take into account structural features and construction limitations in their solutions. In this article, in order to improve these defects–the various functions of AI and the cost and time-consuming nature of traditional plan design systems–a rule-based artificial intelligence is introduced for designing residential plans based on a structural system named 'PeyDal'. This AI has been expanded in the analysis and production of plans according to the needs and preferences of the real user in the design and implementation of the plan.
This research is a combination of descriptive-analytical and experimental methods; at first, initial information was collected through the descriptive-analytical method, and then, using the experimental method, an algorithm based on the Peydal System was developed for the design and implementation of houses. Next, the research aims to identify the necessary data sets for classifying the spatial needs of users in different types of plans with different sizes, describe the structure of converting plans into constructive modules in the Peydal System, produce a plan-generating AI design pattern in the form of a reduction of acceptable and desirable results for the user and develop a plan-generating algorithm with the help of artificial intelligence.
The results of the study include the achievement of a digital design plan algorithm with high industrialization capability, the structurality of the algorithm's solutions due to matching with the Peydal Modular System, and the increase in response quality and speed by moving from continuous plan design to discrete design.

Abstract The second Pahlavi period began after Shahrivar 1320 and with the removal of Reza Shah. This period brought historical changes. The importance of this research is due to the fact that most of the schools built in this period were faced with a comprehensive physical and architectural style transformation, as well as the weakening of cultural stability in the whole country and specifically in the city of Isfahan. The purpose of this research is to identify the factors that caused a decrease in cultural stability in the schools of the second Pahlavi period and also to investigate the historical factors effective in the construction and formation of new schools of the second Pahlavi period and its effect on the architectural structure of the schools of this period and the effect of changing the physical shape and architectural style of the schools. It is based on changing the educational structure from the traditional method to the modern method. The method of this research is descriptive-analytical and case study strategy. Four case samples were selected and the history of the formation of that study was completed with the library and documentary method, and then with the field method of school information, these schools were compared with each other based on the research indicators. In the results obtained from the factors of the formation of schools, it is possible to mention the nationalization of the oil industry, the increase of national income, the white revolution and migration to the cities during this period, which felt the need to speed up the construction of schools. In Isfahan, due to the existence of the Isfahani style, this style was combined with the modern style. The decorations were reduced to a minimum and the porch was gradually removed and the columns became simple and without decorations.