Journal of Iranian Architecture & Urbanism(JIAU)

A framework for regeneration of historical contexts with culture-led approach to achieve sustainable tourism development (Case study: Urmia historical context)

Kyoumars Habibi; Kyoumars Irandoost; Ahmad Sheikh Ahmadi

Volume 13, Issue 1 , May 2022, , Pages 105-123

https://doi.org/10.30475/isau.2021.236712.1445

Abstract

Extended AbstractBackground and Objectives: This study aims to investigate the capacities of the culture-led regeneration components in the historical context of Urmia and present a ... Read More Extended AbstractBackground and Objectives: This study aims to investigate the capacities of the culture-led regeneration components in the historical context of Urmia and present a strategy to enhance the identity and tourism development in this area. This article provides a framework for a culture-led regeneration in the historical context of Urmia with an emphasis on urban tourism. Theoretical literature has mentioned the cultural tourism approach as a reliable catalyst in culture-led regeneration programs. Successful experiences have shown that this approach can be used to boost the local economy while preserving the artistic and cultural heritage. Also, different religions and ethnicities have the potential to provide a special environment. As in the historical review of Bast in Britain, it was concluded that the social role of culture and art in improving cohesion and social interaction plays an important role in preserving the cultural customs and traditions of societies living in the old context.Methods: This study is considered applied research using a descriptive-analytical method. A bibliographic study of documents and field-survey methods have been used by means of questionnaires and observation tools to collect data. According to Cochran’s formula, the statistical population in the historical neighborhoods of Urmia and the size of the statistical sample is equal to 379 people. After explaining the conceptual model of culture-led regeneration, a questionnaire was developed and qualitatively evaluated by Likert evaluation and the Friedman test. The correlation test was statistically analyzed by the data obtained from the questionnaire.Findings: According to the conceptual model and based on the components derived from the literature on culture-led regeneration, the main components of the research can be divided into three categories: design-oriented, creativity-oriented, and community-oriented. According to the results, the most effective urban regeneration components in the study area are 1- community-oriented, 2- creativity-oriented, and 3- design-oriented, respectively. Also, the effectiveness of urban regeneration indicators in the study area can be prioritized as 1- culture, 2- social, 3- physical, 4- participatory management, 5- visual perception, 6- economic, 7- functional, 8- motivational space, and 9- environmental. Also, the correlation test result shows a significant relationship between the perceptual index and managerial and social indicators, with a coefficient of 0.9, 10. With more and more efforts of officials and citizens to preserve the originality and identity of the area and by transferring the values to future generations, more social activities will be observed. The correlation coefficient between the physical and social indexes is equal to 0.15, indicating a relationship between these two indicators. In other words, by creating open spaces, we will increase socialization and social capital. We also see a significant relationship between cultural and environmental indicators with a confidence of 0.99. Suitable social environments can be created by preserving the environment and producing green spaces or complexes with different trees and urban agriculture. Also, garden museums can be created to envisage these two indicators due to a strong historical context. Also, there was a significant relationship between the social and management indexes. Obviously, by informing the residents about the regulations and creating cultural neighborhood centers and recreational environments, more people will be actively present in the neighborhood, which will increase vitality, safety, and security in the community. The results indicate that the historical context of Urmia has a high potential in terms of the social development of cultural tourism, including cultural resources, events, and historical sites. Still, at the same time, as Chiardi and Hanigan believe, the deterioration of the context, separation from urban centers, and the existence of abandoned and defenseless spaces, are the obstacles to developing this type of tourism that slow down the regeneration process. Conclusion: Providing Three main paths are proposed as strategic goals to achieve the desired regeneration:• Creating identifying, memorable, and green historical complexes (design-oriented).• Creating participatory and competitive spaces based on creative industries (creativity-oriented).• Providing development based on participation, creating interactive spaces representing residents’ culture (community-based).According to the results, historical contexts in Iran, including the historical context of Urmia, offer unique opportunities in terms of physical and architectural attractions and cultural diversity due to the existence of different religions, ethnicities, and traditions. However, the biggest obstacles to using their potential are severe shortages of tourism infrastructure and limited transient visions of urban managers. Therefore, it seems that the framework for tourism development in historical contexts is to offer long-term and step-by-step programs without hasty decisions, provide infrastructure, and change the short-term visions of urban management. Accordingly, four steps are presented to better achieve the desired goals in culture-led regeneration since the common processes are inefficient for tourism development and mobilizing culture-led regeneration programs. A coherent, pragmatic, step-by-step program should be designed and implemented on the basis of the local culture and art and the involvement of residents. At the same time, preserving the memory and identity of the original values of the context should not be overlooked.

Risk Assessment of Tehran Subway Stations During Earthquakes with an Approach to Reduce Physical Vulnerability Through Intelligent Urban Management(Case study: Tajrish, Darvazeh Shemiran, and Navab Subway Stations)

Esmaeil Shieh; kyoumars Habibi; Mehran Ehsani

Volume 11, Issue 1 , August 2020, , Pages 209-229

https://doi.org/10.30475/isau.2020.131744.0

Abstract

Extended Abstract Lack of by intelligent management in physical and spatial planning is evident in the evaluation and monitoring of the quantity and the quality of disaster and risk ... Read More Extended Abstract Lack of by intelligent management in physical and spatial planning is evident in the evaluation and monitoring of the quantity and the quality of disaster and risk management plans in rail transportation development of Tehran Metropolitan and, consequently, in examining the risks and vulnerability of the rail network in the country. Obviously, the crises such as earthquakes and floods on subway lines are largely dependent on trial and error hypotheses, traditional management practices, and poor future studies. Regarding the tectonic studies, it seems that some factors such as seismic zones, differences in the soil types, changes in the north and south fault lines (before the disaster) of Tehran, the vulnerability of the subway stations, and the possibility of crisis exacerbation with the destruction of deteriorated urban fabrics during earthquake and flood are of vital importance in the development of underground railways. Focusing on earthquake vulnerability assessment and the role of intelligent risk management in the development of railway transportation network with an approach to monitor the physical and spatial hazards of subway stations, this research tries to access the information about fault lines, watercourses and subway stations of Tehran for intelligent monitoring of the crises, and identification of the nearest medical centers and urban open spaces regarding the type of crisis. Therefore, three subway stations in Tehran (Tajrish, Darvazeh Shemiran, and Navab Subway Stations) were selected to be studied because of their locations in busy and important areas of Tehran, high level of passenger traffic, high land use density of the surrounding area, being located in three separate different areas, proximity to hazardous functions, year of construction, the station depth, proximity to main and secondary fault areas, and the distance from the watercourses. In the research, a combination of research methods is used based on library studies, review of records and documents, Delphi technique2, hierarchical decision making method and layer overlap. First, the existing maps and field observations were scrutinized thoroughly in order to investigate and analyze the information. Next, the criteria for assessing the risks at Tehran subway stations were achieved based on experts’ opinion. Then appropriate maps for subway stations in the studied areas were proposed according to specific factors (fault, watercourse, deteriorated fabric, distance from the medical stations, …). These maps indicate the appropriateness of the stations in relation to the location and the function of the current stations. Regarding the various effects of different layers on the evaluation process, the weighted coefficient of each layer was calculated by analytical Hierarchy process (AHP). The number of layers in each category in terms of importance and the effect of each category on the evaluation process were also calculated respectively from the least to the most important as follows: The distance from the fault, the station depth, the distance from fire stations, the distance from the channel (weight 4); the number of regular stairs, the area of nearby open spaces, the number of entrance and exit gates, the exit width, the number of emergency exits, the distance from medical centers, abundance of firefighting equipment, emergency ventilation, the density of the surrounding fabric, proximity to BRT lines, the existence of helicopter landing site, lack of upstream water resources, the number of passengers per day, proximity to high-rise structures, the age of the surrounding structures, the area of the deteriorated urban fabric, the bridge spans (weight 3); the number of escalators, the number of elevators, land slope at the station (slope stability), the existence of a realm for power supply facilities, the distance from fuel stations, the distance from adjacent stations, the desirability of passage network around the stations (fabric density), the existence of fine grains in the surrounding area (weight 2); the existence of proper access, the distance to police station, proximity to hazardous functions, intersection with underground tunnels, the presence of peripheral organic passages, the skyline of the surrounding functions(weight 1). The results of the risk assessment indicate that all stations are within the danger threshold and adopting smart management and executive solutions to reduce possible damage is essential. Based on the average score obtained from the analysis of the stations studied and their relevance to the risk index table, it is clear that all three stations are within the "risk threshold", which highlights the need for careful scrutiny of the issues increasing the risks art the stations. Based on the scores assigned to each of the studied stations, it was revealed that the "distance from the fault" and the "number of emergency exits" at Tajrish station had the lowest score (highest risk). In addition, at Darvazeh Shemiran and Navab stations, " the number of lifts" and "number of emergency exits" had the lowest score. Still after years of extensive research on the key role of risk management in mitigating natural disasters (earthquakes and floods), the development of underground transportation network (subway) is less likely to follow methods of intelligent risk management, especially in cities such as Tehran where the deteriorated fabrics are at high risk due to the soil type, and the location of faults. In examining the risk level of a subway station in an earthquake crisis, the distance from the fault, the depth of the station and the existence of a tunnel, each play a decisive role for intelligent management of the crisis. Also, the overlapping of other related data, reveals the dimensions, extent and severity of the crisis. Accordingly, in order to eliminate or reduce the effects of risk factors in the development of the underground transportation network, all the tectonic and seismic engineering considerations, including the material of the layers, proximity to the faults, land slopes, and groundwater should be considered from the early stage of feasibility studies, to the final stages of determining the route and location of subway stations. Since some subway stations are located in the vicinity of deteriorated fabrics or high-rise structures, the earthquake crisis might exacerbate with the collapse of the buildings and the obstruction of the surrounding routes. The dependence of subway facilities on city infrastructure is considered a weakness. Electrical, water, telephone and other facilities are completely dependent on ground installations, and if they are damaged in any situation (normal and critical), the entire subway network facilities will be disrupted; therefore, it is necessary to devise emergency and intelligent systems.

Assessing Environmental Qualities in the City Gateway and Prioritizing Them by Means of the Analysis Network Process

Kyoumars Habibi; Esmaeil Shieh; Mehdi Saidi

Volume 10, Issue 1 , May 2019, , Pages 5-23

https://doi.org/10.30475/isau.2019.131418.

Abstract

The city gateway is one of most fundamental elements of spatial and physical structure of the city that has special functions and applications. The city gateway links the urban ... Read More

The Comparison of Iranian and Foreign Footpaths Based on ANP Method

Kioumars Habibi; Mohammad Reza Haghi

Volume 9, Issue 1 , September 2018, , Pages 5-19

https://doi.org/10.30475/isau.2018.68575

Abstract

After the development of transportation and the decline of environmental quality, especially in central context of cities, improving people’s living conditions and returning urban ... Read More

ارزیابی سرمایه اجتماعی در خیابان نمونه موردی: خیابان های چلیپایی هسته مرکزی شهر سنندج

نینا توشیح; کیومرث حبیبی

Volume 6, Issue 1 , January 2016

https://doi.org/10.30475/isau.2016.61998

Abstract

مقایسه تطبیقی قابلیت پیاده مداری در محلات مسکونی طراحی شده از دیدگاه ساکنین نمونه مطالعاتی: محله هف تحوض و فاز یک شهرک اکباتان در شهر تهران

کیومرث حبیبی; محمدرضا حقی; سعید صداقت نیا

Volume 5, Issue 2 , January 2015

https://doi.org/10.30475/isau.2015.61994

Abstract

ارزیابی تجارب جهانی حمل و نقل و سیاستهای مداخله در بافتهای کهن شهری با تکیه بر پیاده مداری

کیومرث حبیبی

Volume 4, Issue 1 , May and June 2014

https://doi.org/10.30475/isau.2014.61961

Journal of Iranian Architecture & Urbanism(JIAU)

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Author = Kyoumars Habibi

A framework for regeneration of historical contexts with culture-led approach to achieve sustainable tourism development (Case study: Urmia historical context)

Abstract

Risk Assessment of Tehran Subway Stations During Earthquakes with an Approach to Reduce Physical Vulnerability Through Intelligent Urban Management(Case study: Tajrish, Darvazeh Shemiran, and Navab Subway Stations)

Abstract

Assessing Environmental Qualities in the City Gateway and Prioritizing Them by Means of the Analysis Network Process

Abstract

The Comparison of Iranian and Foreign Footpaths Based on ANP Method

Abstract

ارزیابی سرمایه اجتماعی در خیابان نمونه موردی: خیابان های چلیپایی هسته مرکزی شهر سنندج

Abstract

مقایسه تطبیقی قابلیت پیاده مداری در محلات مسکونی طراحی شده از دیدگاه ساکنین نمونه مطالعاتی: محله هف تحوض و فاز یک شهرک اکباتان در شهر تهران

Abstract

ارزیابی تجارب جهانی حمل و نقل و سیاستهای مداخله در بافتهای کهن شهری با تکیه بر پیاده مداری

Abstract