Journal of Iranian Architecture & Urbanism(JIAU)

Abstract Extended Abstract
Background and Objectives: Given the growing importance of the concept of place attachment in the field of environmental psychology and the widespread impacts of globalization on individuals’ relationships with their living environments, this study investigates the factors influencing attachment to home in the city of Sanandaj. Based on existing theories, place attachment is defined as a multidimensional concept encompassing spatial dimensions (architectural and urban design characteristics), human dimensions (social and relational characteristics), and functional dimensions (services and facilities), and it plays a significant role in enhancing individuals’ quality of life. The main objective of this study is to identify and explain the relationship between the individual characteristics of Sanandaj residents and their level of attachment to home, using standardized measurement instruments and rigorous data analysis conducted with SPSS software. The findings of this study can contribute to a deeper understanding of the factors influencing the formation and strengthening of attachment to home and provide practical strategies and effective policy recommendations for improving the quality of life of urban residents and creating more sustainable and desirable residential environments.
Methods: This study employed an analytical-survey research design using a questionnaire as the primary data collection instrument. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 26. Statistical tests were selected according to the type and measurement level of the variables. Accordingly, Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to examine relationships between quantitative variables, Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient to assess relationships between quantitative and ordinal variables, and the Mann–Whitney U test to compare distributions between two independent groups. All variables used in this study, except for the city of residence, were coded as ordinal variables based on a Likert scale. City of residence was treated as a nominal variable. The study population consisted of all residents of the city of Sanandaj. Using convenience sampling, a total of 216 participants were selected. Data were collected using both paper-based and online questionnaires. The paper questionnaires were distributed at three different locations, while the online questionnaires were disseminated through the social media platforms Telegram and WhatsApp. The main eligibility criteria for participation were being at least 15 years old and providing voluntary consent to participate in the study.
Findings: This study, based on the analysis of 182 valid questionnaires (52.7% male and 47.3% female), revealed that attachment to home increased with participants’ age. However, Spearman’s correlation analysis showed a significant negative relationship between attachment to home and both the number of years of residence in the home (ρ=−0.270, p<0.001) and the number of household members (ρ=−0.183, p<0.05). These findings indicate that longer periods of residence and a greater number of household members were associated with lower levels of attachment to home. In contrast, Pearson’s correlation analysis demonstrated a significant positive relationship between attachment to home and home environment description (r = 0.536, p<0.001). The coefficient of determination (R²) was 0.287, indicating that 28.7% of the variance in attachment to home could be explained by the home environment description measure. Furthermore, the Mann–Whitney U test revealed that married participants exhibited both higher levels of attachment to home (p<0.01) and more positive evaluations of their home environment (p< 0.05). These results particularly highlight the importance of marital status in strengthening attachment to home. The findings may contribute to the development of interventions and policies aimed at improving quality of life and enhancing place attachment in urban communities.
Conclusion: This study aimed to identify the variables influencing attachment to home and employed two standardized instruments: the Home Attachment Scale and the Home Environment Description measure. The findings indicated that the Persian versions of both instruments demonstrated satisfactory validity; however, it is recommended that negatively worded items be avoided in instruments designed to measure place attachment. Significant correlations were found between the items of the Home Environment Description measure and the Home Attachment Scale, suggesting that the former may also serve as a useful measure of attachment to home. Furthermore, age was positively associated with attachment to home, and married participants reported higher levels of home attachment, suggesting that family cohesion and emotional bonds may extend to the home environment itself. In contrast, attachment to home was negatively associated with both the length of residence and the number of household members. These relationships may be attributable to factors such as the deterioration of the home’s physical environment over time, culturally influenced preferences for modernization and renewal, and reduced access to personal space as the number of household members increases.

Abstract Extended Abstract
Background and Objectives: In contemporary society, the media has become a significant influence and can serve as an ideal platform to showcase various forms of art, including architecture. People can experience architecture not only through physical visits to buildings but also through virtual means. Little research has been done on the interaction between cinema and architecture in the past. More recent research shows that the manifestation of architectural styles in cinema has been studied to a limited extent. Few people have studied how to use architecture in cinema and also to create a place for the ideas of architectural designers to appear. The majority of research in this area has been disseminated through articles in art and film magazines, which have been more beneficial to filmmakers. However, this article aims to produce practical results that can be utilized by architects, including designers. When analyzing the use of architectural elements in futuristic films, the focus is on examining the items utilized by filmmakers and stage designers. After identifying the architectural items used, the issue of their compatibility with futuristic styles is evaluated. To accomplish this, an analogy was made with the field of archaeology, which coincided with the emergence of futuristic films and placed significant emphasis on humans and their critical choices. The present study examines the relationship between architecture and cinema from a reference perspective in the type of architectural presence in cinema. The type of films reviewed in this article is futuristic, considering the research intentions and focusing on examining architectural items, after an overview of different cinematic styles, according to the context of the event in futuristic films. This cinematic style is chosen because the interior location is typically a futuristic residence..
Methods: The research method utilized in this study is a relative kind of correlation method. In this approach, the relationship between variables is investigated based on the research objective. A homogeneous collection of 24 science fiction films, chosen from among the top-rated films in the history of cinema, were analyzed from the perspective of reputable websites that focused on futuristic films. The films were categorized and reviewed as part of the study. In this study, the researchers analyzed the content of film sequences using architectural styles identified through library and Internet research. Important sequences and frames were selected for analysis, and a questionnaire was developed. The questionnaire was distributed to architecture students, graduates, and professors to collect their opinions. The results were then analyzed and reviewed.
Findings: After analyzing the collected data, the researchers identified five main architectural factors that create a sense of presence in the future. These factors include the use of specific materials and colors, the presence of massive singular buildings and spatial structures, the scale of the buildings, mixed-use buildings with symbolic meaning, and a return to traditional architectural styles. The results of the research indicate that 88% of the 24 films analyzed contain sequences depicting futuristic architecture, indicating a significant presence of such elements in science fiction movies. The analysis of the research results reveals that architecture has a significant presence in futuristic films compared to other factors. However, this presence is not always very prominent. The use of materials and the creation of large buildings are the two most commonly used architectural factors in these films. The use of cold, lifeless, and often metal materials is also a prevalent feature of futuristic architecture in these films.
Conclusion: The research results confirm the hypothesis that futuristic architecture has a significant presence in science fiction films, with a combined total of over 88% between films that feature purely futuristic architecture and those that incorporate a combination of styles. The analysis of the most successful films reviewed revealed that the most effective factors were the use of huge monoliths, unusual metal materials, scale, and spatial structures. These factors were found to be present in at least one of the scenes analyzed in 92% of cases, indicating their significant impact on the overall futuristic atmosphere. The film industry is an important platform for architects to express their ideas and showcase non-executed designs. Science-fiction films are created by filmmakers to give audiences a glimpse of the future, including architectural styles. Therefore, it would be beneficial for architects to advise and collaborate with filmmakers in creating futuristic films. Additionally, the definition of architecture needs to be reevaluated, as it is not solely about constructing physical structures for human habitation but also about designing virtual spaces for avatars to inhabit in the digital realm.

Abstract