Journal of Iranian Architecture & Urbanism(JIAU)

Abstract Analyzing the spatial features of Islamic-Iranian cities has been a dominant mode in studies related to urban history in Iran. The research investigates the socio-political structure of Iran after the Safavid dynasty up to the Constitutional reform in order to get a better understanding of different influential factors in governing cities. This research offers an alternative way of reading Islamic-Iranian cities through which urban space becomes a reflection of power relation and interaction between different institutions involved in urban government. Starting with introduction of state-society structure in pre-modern Iran, the article suggests three institutions that are directly involved in urban government. These three institutions are: the institution of the sovereign (Nahad-e- Hakemiatن, the institution of shari’a (Nahad-e Mazhab), and the institution of custom (Nahad-e-Urf) corresponding respectively to the state, religion, and communal affiliations. The negotiation and interaction between these three institutions were fundamental for maintaining secutiy, stability, public morality and social welfare of inhabitants in one coherent urban system. Accordingly, the produced space in traditional Iranian cities was a result of collective interaction between the state’s authority, customs, and religious culture realized in different functional zones of cities which are politico-administrative zone of citadel (arg), socio-economical zone of bazar and semi-autonomous zone of residential neighbourhoods.

Abstract During the past decades many design strategies have been used in urban spaces of Iranian cities to increase the inclusiveness of these spaces. But still, there are some problems and worries that many groups such as elderly citizens have when it comes to urban public spaces. One of the principles necessary in providing comfort for users of urban spaces is prompting environmental security. The pleasance of an urban spaces depends, on one hand, on being protected against danger and physical injury and, on the other, on mental protection against insecurity and fear of crime. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effects of physical components of Khan square as an urban space on sense of security in old citizens. A total of 200 people with the age of 55 and above participated in the survey. The research method used is survey type which is a type of applied study in which techniques such as library documents and references as well as Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, multiple regression and Pearson's Correlation Test are used. Findings of the research indicate that components such as security, light and urban texture have the most effect on the sense of safety in urban space.

Abstract Social interaction and socialization in urban spacedue to the interaction between the formal, semantic and functional human environment, one of the first steps towards understanding by citizens is a pleasant space.Its importancelies in the urban spaceofthe city as a whole and the possibility of a clear text reading and reading this text provides. Social interactions in urban space is the mirror of the intangible aspects of civic life through a system of signs and occurrence of possible manifestations of foreign and provides a positive or negative assessment. Why various activities in the urban area by population do, is considered part of their culture. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of initiatives to promote social interaction and socialization is carried out in the urban area. The research community and the people of experts, set up, which based on the response to the questionnaire, subjects randomly, and experts were selected by cluster sampling. In order to analyze the data according to the results of the SWOT, the technique of analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the application form EXPERT CHOICE, is used. The results showed that components such as walk, non-verbal communication and interaction space; components affecting social interaction and socialization to promotethe cause of urban space. Access to scientific and practical components in the design of urban space, using indicators such as vitality, the possibility of interactions between people, private and public space and enrich the experiences of citizens is concerned.