Journal of Iranian Architecture & Urbanism(JIAU)

Abstract Extended Abstract
Background and Objectives: In lands with a rich historical background, architecture contains principals that is created through the cultural interaction of architecture and society. These principals known as “Patterns” were passed down through generations to another and ensure the quality of buildings without limiting creativity in design. After the industrial revolution and with the appearance of the modern movement, developments such as industrialization and standardization created fundamental changes in architecture and as a result, a clear line has drawn to divide the architecture of today and the past. This is when Patterns started to see a decline and replaced with another organizational method called “Regulation”. In this era, architects devoted to structural, physical, functional or technical aspects of building more than the so-called Patterns. However, the quality resulted from using regulations established in this time is far from the result of using patterns in past architecture and therefore, architecture faced a dramatic transformation. Since then, the terms “Pattern” and “Regulation” are among the two most used words in the literature of Architecture and Urban Design. Regulation has been proposed as interventions by the governing party to ensure the presence of minimum quality for the built environment that shape the city image. Patterns also have been considered as one of the main concerns of architects that ensure the connection and continuation of former architectural principals in today’s constructions. Putting these two terms alongside each other is of interest to this paper since both have a role in systematizing and organizing the built environment, but at the same time resulting in different outcomes. This raised several questions such as: 
• Do patterns have the capability of reviving and being expressed in the form of regulations in today’s architecture?
• Do they have the same correlation with the built form? 
Therefore, this paper explains the correlation of patterns and regulations with the built environment through analyzing today’s architectural changes in comparison with the one used before. This effort ends up contributing to the knowledge landscape by defining a theoretical framework through a model. 
Methods: In terms of methodology, logical argumentation seems to be appropriate and effective in developing theories and filling the existing research gap, and therefore, was selected as the main research method for this paper. The main element in this method is the conceptual demarcation of the framework’s content, which in the case of this paper is words that describe pattern and regulation. To gather these necessary terms in making the model, Delphi technique used in a group of 350 architects and urban planners, who are active both in academia and practice. This technique helps to extract what is inferred as pattern or regulation both in the research environment and the operational knowledge in practice.
Findings: According to the findings of this research, patterns showed a subjective and abstract nature due to being theoretical and therefore, they can be identified in the form of concepts in the design process. However, regulations are formulated and based on high-level decision-making in the governing parties in each context and developed to control the quality of the built environment and therefore, their application requires less skill or expertise. The results showed that today’s regulation has reduced chances of creativity in design and limits architects in providing the design question with wider answers because of their very nature. Investigation of this research showed regulation by themselves cannot guarantee the presence of former architecture’s principals in today’s one. The reason for this phenomenon is the restricting role of regulation in design. This study showed that this role not only limited creativity, but also shaped new templates. These templates are on the verge of becoming patterns of today’s architecture, but in nature, they are fundamentally different from the patterns used previously. The reason found is the origin of these newborns’ patterns, which is limitations, as opposed to cultural and structural innovations.
Conclusion: Since it is necessary to obtain regulation to organize cities, we cannot eliminate their existence, rather we need to modify their role in the design process. In this regard, the modification of regulation is one of the basic needs of today’s built environment. Therefore, the main achievement of this research forwarded to policymakers and urban planners, who by modifying the nature of regulation, can transform them to an effective asset in the design process.

Abstract Although there are different studies about the relation of within-domain and between domain stimuli with creativity, the impact of their variation has not been discussed. Moreover, there are just few studies concerning the relation between the different stimuli and divergent and convergent thinking in architecture students. The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of stimuli variation on students’ creativity as well as divergent and convergent thinking. In these experiments, between-domain and within-domain stimuli are used simultaneously, consecutively and alone. Participants are architecture students in “Architectural Design I” at Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman. This course is their first design experience. The creativity of design products is scored. Judges grade originality and practicality for
each product. The outcomes are analyzed by ANOVA. The results demonstrate that variation has no effect on students’ creativity. divergent thinking and novelty are improved by using within-domain stimuli alone. In none of the experiments the practicality and convergent thinking have been affected.

Abstract The development of cities and uncontrolled increase in the number of vehicles have led to the inability of children to use many spaces and lands appropriate for play. This is while urban areas, especially urban parks, can have the greatest impact on fostering children's creativity. The aim of this study is to identify physical components that affect the creativity of Iranian children aged 6 to 12 in playgrounds located in urban parks, and to explain the most important index of each of the components and the relation between them. In this study, by combining theories related to the subject, survey research method is used. Also, in order to determine the view of professionals on effective physical factors, targeted self-made questionnaires were distributed between 154 Iranian experts in the area of urban planning, architecture, phycology, and educational science and 94 acceptable responses were received. The collected data was analyzed and ranked using SPSS22 and statistical tests; then, with Path Analysis Method and the help of Smart PLS software, the research model was developed based on relationships between variables. The results, according to experts' view, show that the most important components influencing the enhancement of the children's creativity are diversity, vitality and physical flexibility in urban play spaces. With this said, material diversity and sitting spaces have the greatest direct and indirect impact on children’s creativity.

Abstract