انجمن علمی معماری و شهرسازی ایران معماری و شهرسازی ایران(JIAU) 2228-589X 16 1 2025 08 23 Movement Affects Environmental Appraisal; Towards an Episodic Approach to Environmental Design تحلیل اثر حرکت بر ارزیابی محیط؛ بسوی معماری اپیزودیک 69 82 247806 10.30475/isau.2025.435523.2121 FA صالحه بخارائی استادیار، گروه معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران. 0000-0003-2373-2557 Journal Article 2024 01 17 Extended Abstract Background and Objectives: Awareness stems from assessing the environment. Studies show that physical characteristics of space and individual differences affect environmental appraisal. However, movement through the environment and the effects of spatial sequences on evaluation are less considered. The level of brightness of a space after passing from a dark space or passing from a bright space has two different evaluations. Although studies in cognition and environmental sciences such as Gibson’s ecological approach to perception, Neisser’s perceptual cycle, Helson’s adaptation level theory, Paducci’s range-frequency theory, Berlyn’s studies on environmental preference, and research on context effects confirm the role of movement as a priming effect in two main forms: assimilation effect and contrast effect. Experimental studies to investigate the two effects of movement on environmental perception have been limited. Methods: In this research, 10 animations were prepared using two simulated consecutive spaces. The second space was constant in terms of physical attributes. The characteristics of the first space, such as size, light, height, and visual permeability - the effects of which have been significantly evaluated in previous studies - were manipulated. To test the contrast effect, the intensity of variables was changed highly. Light and size were simulated at an average level to test the assimilation effect. The simulated animations -moving from the first space to the destination (at a normal walking speed of 5 km/h)- were shown to 92 participants, including 54 females and 38 males. Participants were asked to evaluate the size of the second space after passing from the first space on a scale ranging from very small (1) to very large (10). The simulated spaces were displayed on a 15.6-inch laptop screen in an environment with uniform lighting and no glare or darkness. We ran paired t-tests and repeated measures analysis of variance (rm-ANOVA) to analyze the data at a significance level of 0.05. Findings: The results of the paired t-test and pairwise comparisons for “size of space”, at a significance level of 0.05, t = 7.34, df = 91, p <.001 and F(1, 91) = 53.97 with a large effect size (η2p =.37) showed that the main space appeared larger when the preceding space was small compared to when the preceding space was large. For another condition on “size”, t = 8.1, df = 91, p <.001 and F(1, 91) = 65.60 with a large effect size (η2p =.42), results showed that the main space appeared larger when preceding from an elongated space compared to a large space. As for “light”, t = -3.25, df = 91, p =.002 and F(1, 91) = 10.58 with a moderate effect size (η2p =.10) results showed that the main space appeared larger when the preceding space was dim compared to when the preceding space was bright. As for “height”, t = -1.95, df = 91, p =.055 and F(1, 91) = 3.79 with a small effect size (η2p =.04) results showed that the main space appeared larger when it preceded from a high space compared to a short space. The results for “visual permeability”, t = 2.96, df = 91, p =.004 and F(1, 91) = 8.78 with a moderate effect size (η2p =.11) showed that the main space appeared larger when it preceded from a small space compared to entering the main space from a small space without rotation. In another condition, t = 1.55, df = 91, p = 0.12 and F(1, 91) = 2.42, results showed that rotation had no effect on the size of the second space from an elongated space. Conclusion: The results of this research showed that movement through the environment discriminates judgment in a specific direction. The extent and direction of deviation depend on the previous stimuli that the individual has received. In other words, in a spatial sequence, the characteristics received from previous spaces affect the evaluation of a specific attribute of the next space, so that discrepancies in type and intensity of the features of that sequence determine the degree of deviation in the individual’s judgment. This research aimed to investigate two significant effects of movement. It found out that the contrast effect prevailed over the assimilation effect. Based on this, one could say that with movement in space, a chain of spaces is experienced. Considering the purposeful movement of the individual in the environment, the environment can be clustered spatially and in specific time episodes. These clusters consist of first, middle, and climax spaces. Architects and designers can intensify or modify the main space features by manipulating the characteristics of previous and subsequent spaces under the contrast effect. Such an approach to diagramming the environment in the design process represents a new chapter in “meaning-oriented” design depending on specific temporal and spatial episodes and can be called “episodic architecture. آگاهی، ثمره ادراک و ارزیابی محیط است. حضور در یک فضا، آگاهانه و یا ناخودآگاه، انسان را در فرایند ارزیابی کیفیت‌های آن فضا قرار می‌دهد. سیری در پژوهش‌های حوزه معماری و طراحی محیط، به تاثیر مشخصه‌های فضای فیزیکی و مولفه‌های انسانی بر ویژگی‌های کیفی محیط اشاره دارد. در این بین پژوهش‌های تجربی در ارتباط با بررسی اثر حرکت -در خلال لایه‌های کیفی فضا- بر ادراک محیط، به علل گوناگون، راکد مانده است. این پژوهش، با مرور ادبیات زمینه‌ای و در چارچوب پژوهشی کمّی، با تحلیل داده‌های آماری حاصل از ارائه 10 انیمیشن شبیه‌سازی شده از دو فضای متوالی (با تغییر در مولفه‌های فیزیکی فضای اول) به 92 نفر شرکت‌کننده (54 زن و 38 مرد)، به بررسی اثر حرکت در ارزیابی اندازه فضای دوم می‌پردازد. یافته‌های این پژوهش ضمن تایید مبانی تئوری سطح انطباق، حرکت را عاملی موثر در فرایند قضاوت محیط می‌داند که توجه به آن می‌تواند نحوه دیاگرام‌کردن فضای معماری را دستخوش تغییرات کلی نماید. بسط یافته‌های این تحقیق در مطالعات آتی، فرایند طراحی معماری را بسوی معماری وابسته به حرکت و به تعبیر این پژوهش «معماری اپیزودیک» هدایت می‌کند.

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