Document Type : Original Research Paper
Authors
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran.
2 Ph.D. Candidate in Architecture, Department of Architecture, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran.
Abstract
Extended Abstract
Background and Objectives: Humans have always tried to build shelters in nature that are compatible with the climate to provide the best conditions for their survival. Exploiting the climate and weather conditions of each region in architecture is one of the important issues that has attracted the attention of Iranian and foreign researchers in architecture and urban planning research, and it has even influenced the quality of domestic architecture. In addition, in today’s science, it is proven that design will be a very costly process without considering the features and climatic factors. One of the most important factors that is effective in improving the quality of the indoor environment is the concept of thermal comfort. Thermal comfort is a mental condition that expresses satisfaction with the thermal environment. According to the important role of the openness as an index of control of comfort conditions and air flow in the interior, it will play an important role. Investigating the capabilities and comparing the internal thermal comfort of residents under the influence of construction openings are studied the present research.
Methods: The current research method is quantitative and thermal comfort is calculated by PMV method. At first, the thermal comfort of the traditional and modern houses changed under the influence of construction openings in the hot season is investigated, then the Percentage People Dissatisfied (PPD) was compared in both open and closed openings in modern and traditional houses and ultimately the most effective factor in reducing the amount PPD dissatisfaction is estimated. In order to investigate the performance of openings in the semi-hot and dry climate of Shiraz, temperature, humidity and wind were measured by a data logger and, with the help of estimation of dissatisfaction and PPD, PMV was extracted. Therefore, in the process of research, a comparison was made between the internal thermal comfort of a traditional house and a modern apartment, and the analyzes were made under the influence of openness in two different states; The first opening mode is fully open and the second opening mode is closed. Opening windows has a great effect on thermal comfort as well as reducing energy consumption, so its correct evaluation is important and accordingly, the newly developed opening model is designed based on the activity pattern and density of people.
Findings: In examining the results of field observations and comparing internal thermal comfort under the influence of openings in a traditional house and a modern apartment in Shiraz through PMV calculation, the effect of each of the factors of temperature, humidity and wind speed on the amount of PMV was analyzed. The results of the research indicate that the predicted percentage of dissatisfaction with the predicted mean vote in open window mode at traditional house is 18% and close mode is 59%. This index in open window at apartment is 61% and close mode is 91%. The opening studied in the traditional house was the five-door opening; therefore, it played a more significant role in creating indoor thermal comfort.
Conclusion: The thermal suitability of the indoor environment of the building, in addition to providing comfort for the residents, will save energy, enhance health and productivity and also improve the morale of the residents. In the present research, openness and opening of the most important indicators of comfort conditions in the interior space were investigated and functionally evaluated. Therefore, the five-door of the traditional house played an effective role in creating thermal comfort. The analysis of the research shows that the design of the types of openings, the dimensions and sizes of the openings in traditional buildings are such that the opening of the interior spaces are within the comfort range during most of the hot season. The noteworthy point of the opening dimensions is the approximate equality of the opening area with the total area of transparent surfaces, their frequency and repetition, as well as the optimal fit of the opening dimensions with the dimensions of the interior space. In general, it can be assumed that opening will play an effective role in indoor cooling and ventilation. What is so much considered today in sustainable design is featured in the principles of Iranian architecture, which is known as an amenity in building spaces. Subsequently, the quality of the indoor environment depends on other factors, such as the quality of light, visibility and scenery, in addition to thermal comfort.
Graphical Abstract
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Highlights
- Measurement of internal thermal comfort in the hot season under the influence of openings.
- Calculation of the amount of thermal dissatisfaction based on the thermal performance of the interior spaces of the house at different heights.
- Evaluating the function of opening and window as one of the most important indicators of controlling the comfort conditions in the interior.
Keywords
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