As a cultural and educational institution with the aim of promoting the cognitive development and creativity of children and teenagers, the intellectual development center plays a fundamental role in the learning process by designing and building suitable spaces for cultural and artistic activities. The main goal of the research was to identify the influencing components of the physical environment on learning processes and how mental imagery affects it as a mediating factor. This research is of applied and descriptive-survey type. The statistical population included 203 boys and girls from the center of intellectual education in Sarvostan city, of which 127 were randomly selected according to Morgan's table. To collect data, researcher-made questionnaires were used in the three categories of physical environment, learning and mental imagery. The reliability of the tools was calculated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient 0.928, 0.833 and 0.835 respectively. Data analysis was done using PLS software. The results showed that the physical environment has a direct and significant effect on learning and mental imagery. Especially, the influence of the physical environment on learning is equal to 59% and on mental imagery is 86%. Also, the mediating role of mental imagery in the relationship between physical environment and learning was reported to be effective and significant with a path coefficient of 0.250. These findings emphasize the importance of designing educational spaces by considering physical characteristics that can help strengthen the cognitive and learning processes of children and adolescents. In general, the current research emphasizes the essential role of physical environments in facilitating learning processes and emphasizing mental processes such as mental imagery as a mediating factor.