Journal of Iranian Architecture & Urbanism(JIAU)

Abstract Extended Abstract
Objective and Background: In the recent decade, the new constructions in the urban design and planning processes are not compatible with the desirable urban ecology conditions, resulting in creating adverse environmental conditions on a micro-scale for urban neighborhoods and on a macro-scale for the city and suburban areas. Disregarding the principles of sustainable development and eco-city has caused an inefficient environment and adverse ecological conditions for the majority of the neighborhoods in different cities of Iran. Ozgol neighborhood of Tehran was selected as the case study for the field survey and investigating the research indicators. This neighborhood is located in District 1 of Tehran Municipality and enjoys more desirable climate conditions than most of the other neighborhoods of Tehran. The indicators of the eco-city aspects in proportion to the residents’ satisfaction were not considered in the conducted studies so far in an integrated and cohesive way. Also, evaluating the current situation to recognize the responsiveness of the indicators has not been conducted in a case study in proportion to the ideal expected situation and based on the scientific literature of the subject. Accordingly, the current study aims to evaluate the satisfaction of the residents of the Ozgol neighborhood with the current situation while explaining the influential indicators on the eco-city, considering functional, physical, economic, social, and environmental aspects. This research also presents the practical and constructive solutions to promote the ecological situation of the neighborhood understudy and delivers a proper framework in this regard to be used in the urban neighborhoods.
Methods: The current research is an applied type of research in terms of purpose. Qualitative and quantitative methods were used in the data collection process and analysis. Therefore, it can be said that the methodological approach of the current study was based on the mixed approach. According to the theoretical foundations, the indicators of eco-city were extracted. Also, the data was collected using a questionnaire, and they were analyzed in SPSS software using one-sample t-test and Multivariate Regression. 375 questionnaires were used considering the number of the neighborhood population in the field studies and data collection. The validity of the questionnaire was studied and controlled through content analysis of the questions and adapting them with the scientific foundations. Its reliability was confirmed using Cronbach’s alpha test (a value higher than 0.7). The sampling was done randomly among the neighborhood residents, and the Ozgol neighborhood was selected as the case study using the purposive sampling method due to its relatively desirable environmental conditions. Compared to the majority of other neighborhoods, the stated neighborhood in the north of Tehran and adjacent to the Lavizan Forest Park indicates its favorable environmental conditions in comparison with other neighborhoods of Tehran.
Findings: The indicators of eco-city can be explained in functional, physical, economic, social, and environmental aspects. The desirability of these aspects was studied based on the various indicators. In addition to evaluating the desirability, the impact factor of each one of them on the overall residents’ satisfaction with the conditions of the eco-city was calculated. The findings indicate that the effectiveness of nine indicators of the ecological criteria on the residents’ satisfaction is significant, and 29 indicators do not enjoy a favorable situation. The following indicators have the maximum effect on the satisfaction, respectively: the existence of green space, park, and tree in the open and public spaces (rather than asphalt) with the coefficient of 0.315, the degree of social interactions in the green public spaces with natural elements with the coefficient of 0.250, using water in landscaping with the coefficient of 0.246, existence of native plant species with the coefficient f 0.200, the value of the vastness of the neighborhood size and being particular with the coefficient of 0.198, the number and quality of the green spaces with the coefficient of 0.120, the location of the communication network and the building masses in accordance with air circulations with the coefficient of 0.106, the mixed land use with the coefficient of 0.090, and the capability to provide the majority of the needs in walking and bicycle distance with the coefficient of 0.073. The influential indicators of the realizability provided 51% of the ecological conditions, indicating that 49% remained to achieve an ideal condition, which indicates a relatively low realization of ecology orientation.
Conclusion: Considering that the Ozgol neighborhood is located in the northeastern area of Tehran and enjoys more desirable environmental conditions than most of the other neighborhoods of Tehran, the realization percentage of the ecological indicators in this neighborhood was expected to be more than 51%. Some neighborhoods might suffer from the lack of or fundamental weakness of the ecological indicators. Also, there might be few neighborhoods in Tehran that are less far from the ideal state than the Ozgol neighborhood. The adjacency of the Ozgol neighborhood to Lavizan Forest Park, the existing environmental facilities, and its establishment in the northern area of Tehran have realized the majority of eco-city indicators. However, the poor function of the ecological urban design and planning processes does not show the realizability of its ecology-orientation as responsive. This weakness warns the urban management about the threatening and adverse situation of the majority of the neighborhoods of Tehran, considering that most of the neighborhoods of Tehran do not have such context. In order to approach an ideal situation, on the one hand, the quality and quantity of the indicators and their effectiveness must be promoted. On the other hand, the contexts for the realization of other indicators must also be provided. Disregarding the indicators of the eco-city in the long-term might limit the continuity of urbanization and might lead to the destruction of the urbanized civilization. Therefore, survey, evaluation, and providing the context for realizing the eco-city indicators must be on the agenda of the urban management continuously.

Abstract Extended Abstract
Objective and Background: Urban housing pattern is generally categorized into two models: villa (single-family) houses and apartment buildings. Although the subject matter of each of these two patterns is different in the literature, the conventional or short-rise and high-rise buildings or towers comprise the main groups of the apartment buildings. Over the past years, hundreds of residential units have been built in the form of villa and apartment units in the studied area (Area 2 of Ardabil city), and their number is increasing every year. Therefore, the overall purpose of this study is to comparatively evaluate the satisfaction of residents of villas and towers. Among the various ways to determine satisfaction, the judgment of the people living in these types of housing is more valuable than the opinion of experts, consulting engineers, and decision-makers. With such an understanding, the issue is inherently important, and the scientific answer can reduce the ambiguities in the policy-making of planners and those involved in urban affairs.
Methods: The present study is descriptive-analytical in terms of practical purpose and terms of nature and method. Data collection is documented in two ways to provide a theoretical and field framework for a survey using a questionnaire. In this study, residents of residential towers and villa houses in District 2 Ardabil are considered the statistical population. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software, and statistical methods such as independent t-test, variance analysis, and single t-test were used in this study.
Findings: According to the findings of the single sample t-test evaluating the satisfaction level of residents from the housing pattern, the average value of the total components is 3.18, which indicates that the residents’ satisfaction is above average level. The satisfaction level for villa houses is 2.90, which is close to the average level of satisfaction for residents. Another purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of personal and individual characteristics on residential environmental satisfaction in Ardabil. In this regard, the results of a one-way variance analysis test show that gender and marital variables do not show significant differences in the results of residential towers and villa houses. Independent t-test results show that the variables of education, job, and income affect residents’ satisfaction in towers, but the results differ in villa houses.
Conclusion: In general, by comparing villa houses and high-rise apartments in District 2 Ardabil, it can be acknowledged that the city’s high-rise apartment buildings, in the vast majority of criteria, are more acceptable than villas. Villas were the dominant model in the past due to their independence and historical and cultural identity, local and indigenous architectural patterns, the existence of complementary and diverse spaces, and service activities. Today residential towers are considered the most important and lively residential spaces in the city due to having security and comfort, public spaces and access, management and control, and, most importantly, proximity to important uses and access to public transport. Unlike traditional housing, they can attract a wide range of social groups, including children, adults, and the elderly

Abstract One of the key factors in estimating the success of housing is degree of the inhabitant’s satisfaction. The final program governmental housing for the people with low income was Mehr settlements project. However, providing the inhabitants needs don’t seem to be fulfilled. Based on these purposes of this research was to evaluate the satisfaction degree of inhabitants from the residential environment quality in Mehr housing in Koohdasht. The study method was descriptive-analytical and the data collection method was documentary and survey using questionnaires. To analyze of data with SPSS software was used. The research society consisted of 2048 husbandmen who were living in the settlements with their families. According to Cochrane formula sample size was estimated to be 323. Descriptive findings of chi-square test showed that there is a meaningful relation between independent variables such as gender, occupation, and marital status and the degree of satisfaction. Furthermore, the results of analyzing spearman correlation showed that is meaningful relation between age,education, and income and satisfaction. The results of the research exploited from T test shows that the inhabitants are dissatisfied with the environmental conditions in the complex and their satisfaction from security, lighting, verification, and skeletal characteristics and other research factors were average. Considering all of the factors the inhabitants’ average satisfaction was (2.84) that this result is meaningful to 95 percent level.