Journal of Iranian Architecture & Urbanism(JIAU)

A study on the role of multisensory experience in the presence of spaces using neuroscience methods

mojgan khakpour; bahar majlece; Abbas Tarkashvand

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 12 December 2023

https://doi.org/10.30475/isau.2023.321713.1838

Abstract

Merleau-Ponty's theory, about body-based experience of the environment and its generalization to the theory of multisensory perception of the environment by Plasma, suggests that while ... Read More

View Article

A regulation for the minimum dimensions of balconies in apartment housing in Rasht according to space usability

Mojtaba Pour Ahmadi; Reza Sedighi

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 12 December 2023

https://doi.org/10.30475/isau.2023.337572.1906

Abstract

Today, for various reasons, often a small and unsuitable area of apartment housing in Iran is allocated to private semi-open spaces which leads to a significant reduction in the usability ... Read More

View Article

The explanation of the models of sensory perception affecting the sense of belonging to a place in Exceptional schools design

Zahra Ajali; Zohreh Torabi; Hooman Sobouti

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 12 December 2023

https://doi.org/10.30475/isau.2023.334001.1897

Abstract

After the home environment, the educational circumference has the highest level of interaction with children. the consequence of the quality of educational space in realizing the sense ... Read More

View Article

A comparative study of the kinematic Model of the kinetic Facades with the Triangular Geometric Model regarding the reception of Natural lighting in the Office Building in Tehran.

fataneh sangtarash; Niloufar Nikghadam; Rima Fayaz; Mohammad Reza Matini

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 13 December 2023

https://doi.org/10.30475/isau.2023.360937.1976

Abstract

Aims: Since the reception of natural lighting in different places is different according to the path of the sun and the different conditions of the sky during the day, season and year, ... Read More

View Article

Solutions to reduce cognitive dissonance in contemporary apartment houses Through the adaptation of place-emotions and place-behaviors

Minoo Shafaei; mina dashti; Mohsen Afshari

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 13 December 2023

https://doi.org/10.30475/isau.2023.333480.1892

Abstract

The home, as an unassuming place, has a profound effect on the emotions of its inhabitants. But today, apartment houses, in their mere emphasis on functions, ignore the emotions of ... Read More

View Article

Evaluation of privacy criteria in the structure of the functional diagram of Student residence hall (Case study of student residence halls in Qazvin city)

Sara Shariati; Mehdi Khakzand; Mahsa Mirsalami

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 13 December 2023

https://doi.org/10.30475/isau.2023.304509.1780

Abstract

The structure of the functional diagram of the student residence is very important because it is collective and is considered a second home. The residents of this complex are students ... Read More The structure of the functional diagram of the student residence is very important because it is collective and is considered a second home. The residents of this complex are students that, they mostly have different levels of social behavior and exposure to new environments and people with different cultures causes a kind of disruption in the provision of one of the most important individual needs Including favorable privacy in the early months .This study assesses the relationship between the structure of the functional diagram of this residence, Pays attention to the criteria of securing the privacy of the residents, To achieve this, first the structure of the settlement based on physical, functional and perceptual components is examined by inference from Canter's theory of place .Examples to be evaluated the purpose of the research Student accommodation in the residential complex of Imam Khomeini International University and the Islamic Azad University of Qazvin It has been centralized and linear with two types of structures.The questionnaire of this research is organized in two main parts that based on a 5-point Likert scale. That, evaluate the theoretical models of research and determine the relationship between the dependence of independent and dependent variables simultaneously multivariate method of structural equation modeling was used, which uses a combination of factor analysis and path analysis. And finally logical reasoning leads to the conclusion of the data from the survey and structural equation.It shows that physical characteristics have the greatest impact on the spatial organization, and thus functional characteristics are in the second place and perceptual characteristics are in the third place. Results Indicate the superiority of residents' privacy criteria in centralized settlements based on the relationship between organization and privacy mechanisms over a similar linear sample and increase residential satisfaction in such settlements

View Article

Comparative comparison of the structure of critique and correction sessions in the research studio of Shahid Beheshti University with the proposed structure of researchers active in this field

Nasrin Saljoughi; Vahid Ahmadi

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 19 December 2023

https://doi.org/10.30475/isau.2023.325431.1853

Abstract

Identifying the optimal structure of critique and correction sessions in architectural studios is one of the necessities of a leading and efficient educational structure. The purpose ... Read More

View Article

Explanation of Education Indicators in Bauhaus School for Enhancing the Quality of Architectural Education

fatemeh almasi; Elham Pour Mahabadian

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 13 December 2023

https://doi.org/10.30475/isau.2023.331671.1883

Abstract

The architecture education methods should encompass theoretical knowledge, as well as professional and social concepts by evaluating the indicators of the world's leading schools of ... Read More

View Article

Re-interpreting the enclosure in the labyrinth of historical houses in Kashan (Ameriha House) based on the rhizomatic epistemology of Gilles Deleuze

Hosna Varmaghani

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 19 December 2023

https://doi.org/10.30475/isau.2023.337858.1907

Abstract

Enclosure is the most important principle of creating space and the obvious quality of each place and also the means of creating different identities. In Iranian architecture, the mass ... Read More

View Article

An analysis on Promoting the Public Acceptability of Earth architecture in Yazd City

Amirreza Sadeghian; Roxana Abdollahi; Ali Akbari; ,Mehrdad Javidinejad

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 19 December 2023

https://doi.org/10.30475/isau.2023.400964.2048

Abstract

Earth architecture is one of the construction techniques in architecture with a rich history of several thousand years, whose traces are visible in the architecture of different nations ... Read More Earth architecture is one of the construction techniques in architecture with a rich history of several thousand years, whose traces are visible in the architecture of different nations of the world, including the country of Iran. Despite the rich background and existing capacities; The trend of widespread use and acceptability of earthen architecture due to the growth of technology in competing industrial materials and cultural changes in construction has been accompanied by a noticeable decline in the contemporary period.The purpose of this research is to know the bottlenecks and ways to improve earth architecture with an emphasis on the context of the historical city of Yazd. The method of this research is qualitative and based on library studies and deductive reasoning along with the dual nature of theory and application. The research data collection tools are content analysis of theoretical literature and an expert-oriented questionnaire with reference to ten architectural and urban planning experts in Yazd city. The findings of the research show that “earth architecture”, despite having a set of advantages and disadvantages like other techniques and styles in architecture. The grouping and prioritization of the challenges, obstacles and drivers of earth architecture in the research literature and experts of Yazd shows the similarities and differences that indicate the place-based of the public acceptability of earth architecture. Therefore, “public acceptance of earth architecture"; "Non-university programs and courses" and the two categories "Innovation and Technology" and "Development of Standards and Control Criteria" are the priority challenges, obstacles and drivers of Yazd city, respectively. This prioritization can be identified and used collectively in certain physical contexts in order to implement architectural policies. Also, this new policy is the basis for more general attention to the category of "public acceptance" and can be effective in promoting the general acceptance of earth architecture.

View Article

The influence of cultural, social, and geographical contexts on the emergence of the first religious places in Islam and Judaism

Seyedeh Mahsa Bagheri; Seyed Behshid Hosseini; Mahmoud Arzhmand

Volume 14, Issue 1 , August 2023, , Pages 21-39

https://doi.org/10.30475/isau.2023.336840.1903

Abstract

Extended AbstractBackground and Objectives: Religions do not develop in isolation; instead, they emerge within cultural, social, and geographical contexts. Islam and Judaism both originated ... Read More Extended AbstractBackground and Objectives: Religions do not develop in isolation; instead, they emerge within cultural, social, and geographical contexts. Islam and Judaism both originated in regions characterized by specific cultural, social, and geographical factors. Rather than rejecting these contexts, these religions often engaged with and, over time, influenced by elements that were compatible with their respective beliefs. This adaptation was driven by the need to foster empathy with the local people and facilitate the acceptance of the new faith. Consequently, religious places gradually took shape, and formed by the existing contexts. This study carries out a comparative analysis of the impact of cultural, social, and geographical factors in the birthplaces of Islam and Judaism on the development of their first religious places. It seeks to investigate the role of cultural, social, and geographical contexts in shaping the first religious places in Islam and Judaism?Methods: This research uses a qualitative, interpretive-analytical approach and utilizes a comparative methodology to investigate how the cultural, social, and geographical contexts in the birthplaces of Islam and Judaism influenced the formation of their early religious places. Data collection relies on extensive library resources. The case studies selected for examination include the Kaaba, the Medina Mosque, and the first Islamic mosques for Islam, and the Tabernacle, the Temple in Jerusalem, and the earliest synagogues for Judaism. The research treats cultural, social, and geographical contexts as interpretive and comparative units. It begins by identifying these contexts in the regions of Islam and Judaism’s origins and then assesses their impact on the formation of the first religious places in these two religions. Findings: The findings of this study revolve around an analysis of how the cultural, social, and geographical contexts in these regions influenced the development of the first religious places in Islam and Judaism. In the cultural context, aspects such as artistic expressions, beliefs, individual values, and convictions originating from previous or new religious influences were examined. The social context encompassed political, economic aspects, customs, collective habits, societal norms, and values, while the geographical context included the climate and the physical location of the birthplaces of these religions and their relationship with the formation of religious places. Specifically, the study evaluated how these aspects and contexts influenced the creation of the Kaaba, the Prophet’s Mosque in Medina, and the first mosques in Islam, as well as the Tabernacle of the Covenant, the Temple of Jerusalem, and the earliest synagogues in Judaism.. Conclusion: The results reveal that Islam and Judaism differed in terms of the extent to which each context influenced them. In the comparison of cultural contexts and aspects, including beliefs, individual values, and beliefs derived from previous or new religions, it became evident that both religions were influenced by the preexisting beliefs of the land. For instance, Islam embraced concepts such as the interaction between the present life and the afterlife, monotheism, and the rejection of polytheism, while Judaism adopted beliefs in the sanctity of stones and directions. In the comparison of social contexts and aspects, Islam prioritized collective worship and equal access to religious spaces for all members of society, as seen in the Kaaba and the Medina Mosque. Conversely, Judaism, influenced by beliefs in social hierarchies, exhibited spatial divisions and social hierarchies in accessing inner spaces, as witnessed in the Tabernacle of the Covenant and the Temple of Jerusalem.

Assessing the viewpoints of consulting engineering companies on hard and soft skills for employing new architecture graduates employability

Parastoo Eshrati; Anahita Jam

Volume 14, Issue 1 , August 2023, , Pages 133-150

https://doi.org/10.30475/isau.2023.322086.1839

Abstract

Extended AbstractBackground and Objectives: The demand for employment upon graduation has heightened the significance of essential job market skills more than before. The main skills ... Read More Extended AbstractBackground and Objectives: The demand for employment upon graduation has heightened the significance of essential job market skills more than before. The main skills for entering any profession include soft skills and hard skills. Hard skills include the technical and scientific knowledge. Both skills are necessary for the profession. The purpose of this paper is to determine hard and soft skills required for the employment of new architecture graduates and assess the significance of each skill.Methods: The research questions aim to ascertain the significance ratios of these skills, identify the most and least important skills, and establish a correlation between company size (small, medium, and large) and the importance of these skills. Initially, following a comprehensive literature review, soft skills were classified into seven distinct categories. Simultaneously, the requisite hard skills for architecture graduates were extracted from the Ministry of Science and Technology-approved bachelor’s and master’s degree curricula in architecture, resulting in the presentation of a seven-category list of hard skills. Subsequently, a questionnaire based on the identified soft and hard skills was developed and administered to the study’s sample group, comprising managers from small, medium, and large companies. Companies were categorized based on the number of full-time employees, with “small” companies having 7 or fewer employees, “medium” companies having 7 to 12 employees, and “large” companies having 13 to 50 employees. Non-parametric tests were used for hypothesis testing. Given the nature of the hypotheses, which involve the comparison of three independent groups (small, medium, and large companies), the “Kruskal-Wallis test” was chosen to analyze the data collected from the questionnaires. Based on results of papers in the field of statistical analysis of small populations, a minimum sample size of 9 individuals is required to conduct the Kruskal-Wallis test for three groups. However, in this study, data collection exceeded this minimum requirement to the greatest extent possible for the authors. Subsequently, the data was quantitatively analyzed using SPSS software.Findings: The quantitative analysis conducted using SPSS software reveals that, according to company managers, hard skills hold a 44.38% level of importance, while soft skills account for 55.62%. However, the results of the Kruskal-Wallis test indicate that there is no correlation between the company size and the level of importance of hard and soft skills. Regarding the research findings, the hard skills in order of importance are: software, design, work experience, theoretical knowledge, free-hand drawing, legal regulation, and type of degree. In contrast, the order of importance for soft skills is as follows: professional ethics, analysis and problem-solving, self-management, leadership, project management, communication skills, and research. Furthermore, the study’s results demonstrate a significant relationship between a company size and the specific type of soft and hard skills required by that company. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that soft skills are more important than hard skills for hiring fresh architecture graduates but there is no correlation between the company size and the importance level of hard and soft skills in general. When considering hard skills, software is the most important in small companies, while regulation is the least significant. In medium-sized companies, work experience and design rank highest, whereas the type of degree is considered the least important. In larger companies, software stands out as the most crucial, while university rank is perceived as the least important. Among soft skills, in small companies, the most important skills are professional ethics and three skills including research, project management and communication are the least important ones; in medium size companies the most important skill is professional ethics and the least is project management; and in large companies the most important ones is professional ethics and the least is research. Regardless of the level of companies and the division of skills, the most important skill is professional ethics and the least important one is university rank. Analysis of interviews with company managers conducted in a qualitative manner also reveals the necessary changes required in the architecture education system to enhance students’ employability and offered suggestions for students. In light of the study findings, it is advisable to consider incorporating a course focused on developing soft skills into architecture curricula, particularly at the undergraduate level.

Modifying the air flow pattern in cattle barns of Salmas city through architectural intervention to improve the ventilation

Omid Rahaei; Mehri Barehyun

Volume 14, Issue 1 , August 2023, , Pages 311-326

https://doi.org/10.30475/isau.2023.368528.2003

Abstract

Extended AbstractBackground and Objectives: Observations show that most of the cattle barns built in Iran are in the form of sheds, and during their design phase, limited consideration ... Read More Extended AbstractBackground and Objectives: Observations show that most of the cattle barns built in Iran are in the form of sheds, and during their design phase, limited consideration is given to ventilation conditions, despite the significant need for it, as well as the air circulation patterns within the barns. This oversight leads to numerous issues in the field, with the well-being of the animals subsequently affected. The main goal of the article is to improve the ventilation of in cattle barns, through architecture, in such a way that the optimal and uniform air flow is established throughout the environment, at the level where animals live. According to the nature of the subject, the current research is an interdisciplinary research and a hybrid research method is applied using experimental research strategies, simulation and case study. In the first stage, after identifying the statistical population (cattle barns in the cold region), their current situation was investigated empirically, and after scrutinizing the problem and finding the research variables, the initial plan (case sample) was proposed and modeled. The desired model was first meshed with Gambit, subsequently undergoing simulation via the FLUENT software employing the CFD methodology. Adjustments were introduced to its architectural design, followed by the analysis and formulation of conclusions. The results show that, by making minimal architectural changes to the barn and the openings, it is feasible to enhance the airflow pattern within it. This can effectively establish internal air circulation, diminish temperature disparities among various barn sections, minimize temperature fluctuations, and lower energy consumption. Methods: Considering its interdisciplinary nature, the research employs a hybrid approach that combines experimental research, simulation, and case study strategies. The research encompasses all cattle barns in cold climates as the statistical population. The chosen case study focuses on a cattle barn designed for approximately 250 cows in the city of Salmas. The research findings indicate that enhancing the architectural layout and positioning of openings, along with their primary composition, can lead to improved ventilation in cattle barns and a more uniform airflow within them. The research utilizes numerical simulation, specifically in the case of a Salmas city cattle barn, validated previously through Olsen’s experimental methods (Rahaei, 2014, 2013). The validation of this method is well-established and is based on Nagano’s (1990) validated technique, utilizing a zero-equation method and model. The numerical calculations are conducted using the computational fluid dynamics method, employing the Gambit preprocessor for meshing and Fluent software for network analysis.Findings: Considering the research goal of enhancing airflow and subsequently ventilation in cattle barns in climates similar to Salmas city (the cold climate), various scenarios of a common case study were examined in a two-dimensional manner. Initially, longitudinal sections were analyzed, followed by transverse sections of the cattle barn. In all scenarios, the energy equation was activated. The optimal condition involves a smooth and favorable inward airflow through side windows. Afterward, this airflow undergoes conditioning as it passes through the radiators installed in the windows and, if necessary, proper dehumidification is achieved with the assistance of mist sprinklers. Minimal energy is drawn from the lower part of the area occupied by the animals and is expelled through the roof opening.Conclusion: Based on the above-mentioned resources, the following are suggested in the case of longitudinal and transverse ventilation of cold climate cattle farms:1. Unpredicted entry of outside air into the interior of cattle barns should be strictly avoided.2. If the entire space of the barn is used, the use of a longitudinal one-way ventilation mechanism is required, while all the openings are closed. It is recommended to incorporate a temperature control source, such as a radiator, positioned at a height of 3 meters above the main floor level, equipped with both hot and cold water supply, at one side of the barn. Simultaneously, a suction device (jet fan) should be installed at floor level on the opposite side, expelling air outward. In this setup, fresh outdoor air, having passed through the radiator, becomes conducive and enters the enclosure. Following even distribution of this air to achieve a desirable temperature within the environment, it exits through the suction system located on the opposite side. Additionally, a pressure regulating valve should be installed at the lower level of the side housing the radiator, which can be closed during colder seasons.3. If it is possible to change the interior space of the cattle barn, lateral ventilation is suggested from both sides.4. In general, transverse ventilation with a roof valve is more efficient than ventilation along the cattle barn.

Volume 14 (2023)

Volume 13 (2022)

Volume 12 (2021)

Volume 11 (2020)

Volume 10 (2019)

Volume 9 (2018)

Volume 8 (2018)

Volume 7 (2017)

Volume 6 (2016)

Volume 5 (2015)

Volume 4 (2014)

Volume 3 (2013)

Volume 2 (2011)

Volume 1 (2010)

Main Subjects = Architecture

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract