Journal of Iranian Architecture & Urbanism(JIAU)

Abstract The aim of this study is to prepare a proposed algorithm for computer simulation and determine the proper angle of dynamic exterior shades during the day. The control of the dynamic shade is based on internal temperature. By repeating internal temperature calculations in each time phase, The algorithm compares the results with the defined criterion temperature, and chooses the optimal result. Numerical finite difference is the method used for thermal building’s calculations. In the construction of the zone numerous nodes are placed through each fabric component and the heat balance equation for each node is discrete by Crank-Nicolson method. In order to analyze the performance of the dynamic shade, the obtained results have been compared with the fixed and no shade modes. 21 degrees Celsius was determined as comfort temperature and criteria temperature in the first analysis for controlling the dynamic shade. According to the results obtained from the first analysis, with the goal of receiving more solar radiation and improving the performance of the shade, 23 degrees Celsius was determined as control temperature in the second analysis. Based on the calculations done for a building with south transparent glazing in Tehran, the amount of thermal load for the month of December , for dynamic shade mode with control temperature of 23 degrees Celsius is 33 percent lower than the fixed shade mode. On the other hand, the maximum difference between internal and comfort temperature for dynamic and fixed shade mode is in order 2 and 4 degrees, thus the dynamic shade provides a better comfort condition and lower internal temperature fluctuation.

Abstract Social interactions are among necessary components of models which are defined based on human kind needs; lack of appropriate focusing on this issue and neglecting its psychological consequences has faced people’s personal and social lives with certain problems. Effective Open and semi open areas in residential complexes which are grounds for active and dynamic social interactions are among those parameters that have not received enough attention in designs. District 22 of Tehran municipality due to its specific characteristics such as good access to parks, lakes, waterfalls and other newly built tourist attractions and its specific geographic location in Tehran is among the areas that highest level of mass construction is expected, in near future. This paper attempts to identify the factors that improve social interactions in the open and semi-open areas of residential complexes which are located in district 22 of Tehran municipality; moreover, it is aimed to alter residents from inactive consumers to active participants. To fulfill the purpose of the research, the effective parameters on improvement of social interactions are identified and coded; in addition, with aid ofground theory methodology and Shanon entropy, interplay and impact of these parameters on each other and on improvement of social interactions is studied along with their level of importance and with acceptable approximation it is shown that all of the under study parameters are pivotal and should be used in design considerations; finally, based on the results, suggestions are provided to improve social interactions in complexes that will be built in this area in future.

Abstract Recreating the field as a public space can be of particular importance.social, cultural, etc. Provides access. Hypothesis and research questions can be leading this issue that has been created or recreate the extent of user satisfaction with the space has been able to improve the quality of space? The aim of this study user satisfaction space of urban renewal, public space is centered Monirieh field. The dominant approach in this study is a survey using a questionnaire. Moreover, in order to strengthen the foundations of theoretical and accuracy in data collection techniques to study the documents, is used. The validity of the method to test the validity and reliability of Cronbach's alpha was used. On the other hand, in addition to area residents, receive large numbers of people from the outside range. The results of the analysis show that, in general, about 43% percent of the independent variables on the dependent variable explained. The permeability of 43%, personal perception as much as 32% percent, Ghana 30% percent, diversity of 22%, readability by 21% percent, prosperity and the extent of 15% percent and 14% percent impact visual requirements Have had. The results show that users of the space created by high and very high ratios are satisfied. User comments space than variable Ghana to study showed that increasing the richness, satisfaction of users of the space will be reduced, with increased user satisfaction variables control of public space recreation field will Monirieh Tehran.

Abstract The present research emphasizes on the importance of educational spaces, their role in increasing the creativity and learning ability of students as the capitals of a country, also on searching for patterns to improve the current conditions of schools and to create a desirable educational space with consideration of the needs and opinions of students as the main users of such spaces. To achieve these goals and to find an answer to questions regarding how students imagine an ideal school along with the role and possibility of collaboration between educational space designers and students as their users in addition to the possibility to adjust the opinions of the two groups (designers and students) while designing a school, five girls’ elementary schools in Bandar Anzali were studied using descriptive-survey method. Opinions related to an ideal school were obtained as paintings and texts describing such a school. In all, 208 paintings were received and collected information was analyzed and encoded using MAXQDA software. Results showed that students were not satisfied with current school conditions; they needed to spend more time outside classrooms and that a special attention had to be paid to the relationship between nature and architectural spaces. Based on these findings and adjusting them to children’s opinions, the researchers tried to create an environment as wished, so that by respecting the desires of the users of the said spaces, the quality of educational environments could be improved. The innovation of adjusting novel points of view and opinions on designing an ideal school to what students imagine such a school would be is an ideal. Thus, the authors of this chapter have presented some common views.

Abstract Social interaction and socialization in urban spacedue to the interaction between the formal, semantic and functional human environment, one of the first steps towards understanding by citizens is a pleasant space.Its importancelies in the urban spaceofthe city as a whole and the possibility of a clear text reading and reading this text provides. Social interactions in urban space is the mirror of the intangible aspects of civic life through a system of signs and occurrence of possible manifestations of foreign and provides a positive or negative assessment. Why various activities in the urban area by population do, is considered part of their culture. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of initiatives to promote social interaction and socialization is carried out in the urban area. The research community and the people of experts, set up, which based on the response to the questionnaire, subjects randomly, and experts were selected by cluster sampling. In order to analyze the data according to the results of the SWOT, the technique of analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the application form EXPERT CHOICE, is used. The results showed that components such as walk, non-verbal communication and interaction space; components affecting social interaction and socialization to promotethe cause of urban space. Access to scientific and practical components in the design of urban space, using indicators such as vitality, the possibility of interactions between people, private and public space and enrich the experiences of citizens is concerned.

Abstract In this paper, two new methods in drawing girih are presented. Prevalent methods of drawing girih include traditional and Hankin methods which are not parametric. This limitation causes complication and time consuming in drawing girih. For removing this limitation, our suggested methods are parametric. Because the probability of damaging border of a geometric ornament in traditional buildings is more than that of its center, in the process of restoration with drawing girih from its center and defining lines parametrically based on the length of aperture, other border part of girih can be drawn, which this opportunity exists in our suggested parametric methods. In this work, the main question is that whether two methods can reach suggestion to drawing girih which apply in the restoration. The results show that it can be reached and the complication of girih drawing is reduced. The goal of this research is finding new methods for drawing girih. Methodology of this research is based on gathering information, analyzing data and investigating mathematical equation. The conclusion of this paper is finding two new methods for drawing girih on the flat and round surface which may be applied in restoration of girih. The comparison between suggested methods and prevalent methods shows that our methods reduce complication of calculation such that in the second method, user can draw girih by using number of sides of shames and length of aperture. Comparison between the two new methods shows that the first suggested method provides the possibility of editing with moving contact point from midpoint of polygon sides to other position or with converting midpoint to two point on the polygon sides. This feature does not exist in the second method.

Abstract However there are many challenges for tall buildings, but today’s societies -each of them in their own ways- host the tall buildings in their urban and outside urban spaces. This paper is based on parts of architecture PHD thesis research, reviews of 80 different articles related to tall buildings, and the judges of Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat opinions about assessing these type of buildings. At first the infuencial and important approaches related to designing and constructing the tall buildings were introduced by selecting the case study method and content analysis. Then by selecting and introducing the research areas including tall buildings selected by the mentioned council between 1990 to 2013, the data were collected, assessed, analyzed, and ranked. Finally the relative influences of each approach on forming the tall building were identified. Twelve approaches were categorized into three section based on size and effect.

Abstract Different human –centered architectures are emerged. Mosque is a place for worship, we worship Allah in mosque , the sacred place. Light emersion is a variable discussed in this paper through descriptive analytic as well as quality approach, because light is a necessity in mosque. Light and various aspects of man are analyzed ; three main functions are considered and the most important function is semantic application of light in a worship space like mosque. According to the researcher and after study about sample of mosques in tabriz and getting the comments of architects, every visual concept is realized in mosque , comprehension rate of the concepts has gone under question. Some quality variables such as spirituality and holiness , guidance , emersion of Allah , as well as ascent are concepts of effective light function; also , some quantity factors such as direction of skylight , dimension, quantity , elevation , color of skylight coating are chosen as dependent variables. It seems that specific skeletal features such as higher altitudes from the horizon , southward placement and smaller size louvers and shutters are developed for easy access to light for easy access to light in a gnostic space such as mosque. According to the investigation , the hypothesis is that user of mosque feels and comprehends more better the mentioned concepts through observance of the mentioned patterns.

Abstract Renewalexperiencesinmost casesindicatesthatdespite improvement in economic and physical conditions in deteriorated urban areas, have causedsocial problemssuch as destruction of social networks, expulsion of vulnerable groups and residents'dissatisfaction. The main questionof thisresearch iswhichprinciples in renewal can be led to improving residents' satisfactionin deteriorated urban areas. This study is done based on identification methodology and concept residential satisfaction and problems in deteriorated urban areas have been studied. Then principles thatcan result to improving residential satisfaction indicate withdeductive reasoningmethod. Holistic view isthe most important principle in urban renewal for creating an integrated view to the issues and finally, responding to all aspects of the causes to inefficiency. On the other hand, community-based development principle causes the residents involvement in renewal process. Using assets ofthe communityandsocialcapital cause to close residents' viewswith renewal actions and thiswould result to residential satisfactionfrom renewal actions. In other words holistic view and community-based developmentare important principles in urban renewal that if imply in renewal actions canbe expectedresidents' satisfaction.

Abstract City entrance is among the most significant city spaces that can have a constructive role in promoting and reinforcing the position of entrances and other elements relating to it, by connecting the outer environment with the main city structure. The present research seeks to study and evaluate the most important performance components affecting the provision and reinforcement of the link between city space and the environment and points of entry of cities. This study uses survey research method and the required data are gathered through the distribution of a questionnaire as the instrument among 200 citizens and passengers above 18 years in the quintuple entrances of Dezfoul city. The sampling method of this research is systematic random sampling. Pearsonand Spearmancorrelation coefficient, KMO and Bartlett's test and Factor Analysis are used in the statistical analysis. The reliability of the questionnaire is calculated using Cronbach's alpha. The results of the used tests reveal that by implementing city design components, an appropriate link can be created between inner city space and its entry spaces. Moreover, the most significant performance components influencing the promotion of the points of entry of cities in descending order of importance include good accessibility, readability, permeability, flexibility, transformability, conductivity, security and receptivity.

Abstract One of the key factors in estimating the success of housing is degree of the inhabitant’s satisfaction. The final program governmental housing for the people with low income was Mehr settlements project. However, providing the inhabitants needs don’t seem to be fulfilled. Based on these purposes of this research was to evaluate the satisfaction degree of inhabitants from the residential environment quality in Mehr housing in Koohdasht. The study method was descriptive-analytical and the data collection method was documentary and survey using questionnaires. To analyze of data with SPSS software was used. The research society consisted of 2048 husbandmen who were living in the settlements with their families. According to Cochrane formula sample size was estimated to be 323. Descriptive findings of chi-square test showed that there is a meaningful relation between independent variables such as gender, occupation, and marital status and the degree of satisfaction. Furthermore, the results of analyzing spearman correlation showed that is meaningful relation between age,education, and income and satisfaction. The results of the research exploited from T test shows that the inhabitants are dissatisfied with the environmental conditions in the complex and their satisfaction from security, lighting, verification, and skeletal characteristics and other research factors were average. Considering all of the factors the inhabitants’ average satisfaction was (2.84) that this result is meaningful to 95 percent level.

Abstract Nowadays, attention to signs in city has become one of the main concerns of theorists. Using semiotics as a tool to analyze and evaluate metaphor and implicit and explicit implications in city structure is one the applications of urban semiotics. Old structures are more valuable due to having a large number of signs. The cities of Iran which is a developing country have been developed in line with advances in science and technology which has lead to the inconsistencies of streets and squares. According to the Lynch theory, those factors affect the consistency of cities that are in the focus of urban planners. Among these factors are nodes and landmarks that impact on the consistency of cities. The main purpose of this study is to determine the characteristics of urban landmarks in historical cities that are important in the minds of people for the consistency of city structure. Therefore, in the present study, there is an attempt to identify and evaluate different types of signs in Oghada city (which is located in Ardakan county, Yazd province) by a survey and argumentative method using Saussure and Peirce's theory of semiotics. This evaluation was done through completing 100 questionnaires by the residents of aghda city.

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