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بررسی عملکرد اقلیمی دودکش‌های خورشیدی برای خانه‌های اهواز در اتاق‌های آفتابگیر جنوبی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، دانشکده مهندسی معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه تربیت دبیر شهید رجایی، تهران،ایران.

2 کارشناسی ارشد مهندسی معماری ، موسسه آموزش عالی جهاد دانشگاهی ، اهواز، ایران.

چکیده

باوجود بحران‌های زیست‌محیطی و کاهش ذخایر سوخت‌های فسیلی نیاز به راهکارهای توسعه پایدار و معماری پایدار به‌منظور مدیریت مصرف انرژی و کاهش زیان‌های خطرناک انسانی بیش‌ازپیش احساس می‌شود. در این راستا به‌منظور افزایش آگاهی دانشجویان و طراحان بایستی آموزش‌های تخصصی معماری پایدار در حوزه دروس دانشگاهی قرار گیرد. ازآنجایی‌که ساختمان‌های مسکونی بخش مهمی از مصرف انرژی را در کشور شامل می‌شوند، بایستی میزان اثربخشی این راهکار بر نحوه طراحی ساختمان‌های مسکونی در شهر تهران موردبررسی قرار گیرد. این پژوهش از منظر روش‌شناسی پیمایشی است و دارای دو بخش کیفی و کمی است که در بخش کیفی به بررسی مبانی نظری مربوطه و در بخش دوم پرسشنامه‌هایی در اختیار 20 نفر از اساتید و دانشجویان معماری به‌ منظور بررسی میزان اثربخشی آموزش‌های معماری پایدار بر نحوه طراحی خانه‌های مسکونی شهر تهران گذاشته ‌شده است و برای تعیین اعتباریابی پرسشنامه از نرم‌افزار Smart PLS2 استفاده ‌شده و به جهت اولویت‌بندی داده‌ها از آزمون فریدمن در نرم‌افزار SPSS استفاده ‌شده است و درنهایت نتایج حاصله بیانگر آن است آموزش‌های معماری پایدار در سطح اجتماعی (دانشجویان، بالا بردن آگاهی مردم و درنهایت کارفرمایان) بیشترین تأثیر را داشته و در بالا بردن کیفیت محیط داخلی ساختمان به نسبت اثربخشی کمتری داشته است.

چکیده تصویری

بررسی عملکرد اقلیمی دودکش‌های خورشیدی برای خانه‌های اهواز در اتاق‌های آفتابگیر جنوبی

تازه های تحقیق

- ابعاد بهینه‌ی دودکش خورشیدی در اتاق‌های رو به جنوب شهر اهواز.
- استفاده از نرم‌افزارهای مدل‌سازی و شبیه‌سازی (اکوتکت و انرژیِ پلاس).
- ایجاد آسایش حرارتی در ماه‌های: اسفند، فروردین، اردیبهشت، خرداد، مهر و آبان، آذر.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Improving the climate performance of solar chimneys for Ahvaz houses in south equator-facing rooms

نویسندگان [English]

  • Omid Rahaei 1
  • Zeynab Poorsayahi 2

1 Assistant Professor, School of Architecture and Urban Design, Shahid Rajaei Teacher training University, Tehran, Iran.

2 M.A. in Architecture, Jahad University of Khoozestan, Ahvaz, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Extended Abstract
Background and Objectives: Today, the use of solar energy as a cheap and renewable source in the construction industry has become one of the major concerns worldwide. One way to harness solar power is to use a solar chimney in the building. The solar chimney acts as a passive natural ventilation system or as a thermal insulator based on pressure displacement caused by air pressure fluctuations inside the chimney shaft. This chimney usually consists of glass, duct, and absorber surface. The air in the chimney is heated by solar energy and moves upwards due to the chimney effect, which can increase the natural ventilation in the adjacent spaces. In hot and semi-humid climate buildings, windows are usually closed to prevent direct sunlight. Therefore, solar chimneys can establish airflow and supply fresh air indoors. The ventilation process in buildings of Ahvaz city, due to particular climatic conditions (hot and semi-humid), is essential. Also, air conditioning is costly, consuming a great amount of energy. Therefore, this study aims to find appropriate criteria for the effective design and implementation of solar chimneys in houses in Ahvaz to establish an effective flow inside the air duct in seasons requiring thermal comfort conditions and to create effective ventilation inside the interior spaces through stack effect. This study aims to find a suitable model for designing solar chimneys for the southern (equator-facing) rooms of houses in Ahvaz city (hot and semi-humid climate) to improve the thermal comfort of residents by using solar energy effectively and reducing energy consumption significantly.
Methods: This research combines different methods due to its interdisciplinary nature. Research variables and models were identified in the first stage using an experimental strategy. The physical structure of the room and the solar chimney were studied as independent variables and the room interior temperature as a dependent variable in this study. A digital thermometer was used for experimental thermometry tests in the case sample. The statistical population selected in this study includes southern rooms in apartments in Ahvaz. The statistical population is a small room as a random case sample. In the next step, solar chimneys were modeled in Ecotect software, and a simulation method was used to analyze the data and intervene in the architecture. The simulations were performed using Energy Plus software version 8.7.0 and the existing weather data (regarding the literature). Also, the simulations were calculated linearly and thermodynamically by TARP thermal model method prepared by Walton (1983) in the software. The Fangar comfort model, PMV index, and PPD were used in the next step of data analysis. Finally, the experimental data were compared to the simulated data to investigate research validity and reliability. Thus, the research method is a combination of experimental strategies, simulation, and a case study. Bibliographic studies, field observations, field measurements, and simulations were used as research tools.
Findings: In this study, four different models of solar chimneys on a specific day were studied to investigate the effect of geometry on the model discharge. Also, the thermal comfort (of the first model) was studied on a specific day of the year. (The reason for choosing this model is to investigate the chimney effect on the whole space). The simulation data of the first model with dimensions of 1 × 1.16 × 11.60 showed that the thermal comfort level in this type of solar chimney is close to the allowable limit in March, April, May, June, October, and, November, December. According to the diagrams, using this type of chimney is unsuitable in July, August, and September, so this model is not approved. On May 1st, the effect of the number of floors on the thermal performance of the first model was investigated. The results showed that the solar chimney discharge does not always lead to acceptable thermal comfort conditions. Also, four specific geometries were compared regarding the effect of geometry on the solar chimney discharge. According to findings, the solar chimney height was more effective in determining the maximum and average solar chimney flow than its width. According to the results, the third model has a more powerful airflow but drops to zero at certain hours and has no night ventilation. So, having a chimney with a maximum flow is not necessarily appropriate. The best model, according to the comparative method, is the second model with dimensions (2 × 1.16 × 11.60), and then the third model with dimensions (1 × 1.16 × 23.20), with strong airflow powers.
Conclusion: By examining the airflow and thermal comfort conditions in solar chimneys, it was determined that the airflow could create suitable comfort conditions in the building annually. Therefore, the solar chimney with dimensions of 2 × 1.16 × 11.60 (model 2) is suitable for equator-facing rooms with dimensions of 3.5 × 5.9 meters in Ahvaz and can provide comfort levels in the mentioned months. According to the results, this system is needed all year round. When there are no comfort conditions, it is recommended to benefit from mechanical systems, ventilation and air conditioning, green space, and natural ventilation systems for comfort conditions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Solar Chimney
  • Climate
  • Thermal Comfort
  • Ahvaz Houses
  • Energy Plus

این مقاله برگرفته از پایان‌نامه ارشد نویسنده دوم با عنوان «بررسی عملکرد اقلیمی دودکش‌های خورشیدی برای خانه‌های اهواز در اتاق‌های آفتابگیر جنوبی» می‌باشد که به راهنمایی نویسنده اول در دانشگاه جهاد دانشگاهی خوزستان انجام گرفته است.

This article is derived from the second author`s Master thesis entitled “Improving the Climate Performance of Solar Chimneys for Ahwaz houses in South Sunshiny Rooms”, supervised by the first author, at Jahad University of Khoozestan.

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معماری و شهرسازی ایران(JIAU)
دوره 13، شماره 1
شهریور 1401
صفحه 245-257
فایل ها
سابقه مقاله
  • تاریخ دریافت: 13 فروردین 1399
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 16 شهریور 1399
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 13 اسفند 1399
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار: 30 مرداد 1401
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