نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دکتری شهرسازی، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، تهران، ایران.

2 دانشیار، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، تهران، ایران.

3 استاد، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

رودخانه‌های شهری، بر اثر توسعه شتابان شهرنشینی با چالش‌های فراوانی روبرو شده‌اند. رویکرد مؤخر «بازآفرینی شهری پایدار آبکنار» در پی احیای آنها در قالب «مکان‌های پایدار» در توازن با مقوله حفاظت اکولوژیک است. پژوهش حاضر، ضمن بررسی ارزیابی مردم از اقدامات انجام‌شده روی رودخانه‌ها و سنجش کلان کیفیت آنها به‌عنوان مکان‌های عمومی، در تلاش برای تبیین چگونگی تجدیدحیات رودخانه‌ به‌مثابه مکان عمومی پایدار است. بنیان فلسفی پژوهش عمل‌گرایی، رویکرد آن آمیخته پژوهی و روش تحقیق، موردکاوی رودخانه در شهرهای اصفهان، اهواز، اردبیل و رشت است. مفهوم و چگونگی تجدیدحیات پایدار، از طریق ادبیات موضوع و تجارب مشابه واکاوی شده و به‌واسطه بررسی‌های میدانی مبتنی بر تحلیل محتوا و تئوری زمینه‌ای تکمیل‌شده است. مکان‌سنجی نمونه‌های موردی بیانگر آن است که از دیدگاه مردم، کیفیت مکان‌های عمومی مبتنی بر کارون و زرجوب در سطح متوسط به پایین، بالقلی چای اردبیل در سطح متوسط و زاینده‌رود اصفهان در سطح متوسط رو به بالا قرار دارد. اقدامات اصلاحی تا حدودی موجب ارتقای وضع رودخانه و مکان‌های عمومی آن شده است. تجدیدحیات پایدار رودخانه‌های شهری، به دنبال احیای آن در قالب «مکان‌ عمومی پایدار» است. سازوکارهای کلان این رویکرد شامل: توازن ابعاد رودخانه و مواجهه فعال و جامع‌نگر با آن، تسهیل عملکردهای مختلف، رویکرد کل‌نگر نسبت به رودخانه، اولویت سلامت رودخانه به‌عنوان سامانه زیستی باز و سرشار از تنوع، تمرکز توأمان بر «درونداد، فرایند، برونداد، کیفیات، اثرات»، پیوستگی رودخانه، زمینه‌سازی حضور انسان برای تجربه مکان، بازتعریف جایگاه رودخانه در نظام‌های کلان زیست‌محیطی/ اجتماعی/ اقتصادی، تناظر فرایند با چرخه حیات مکان عمومی و متکی بر سازندهای آن، توجه به انتظارات شهروندان در فرایند مراجعه و تسهیل ارتباط شهر/ شهروندان/ رودخانه است. 

چکیده تصویری

بررسی تحلیلی تجدیدحیات رودخانه‌های شهری به‌مثابه مکان عمومی پایدار و تبیین مدل مفهومی آن؛ نمونه موردی: بالقلی چای (اردبیل)، زاینده‌رود (اصفهان)، کارون (اهواز)، زرجوب (رشت)

تازه های تحقیق

- تنظیم مجدد روابط منسجم رودخانه با شهر، ساکنان و محیط‌زیست؛ بازتعریف جایگاه اقتصادی، اجتماعی و زیست‌محیطی رودخانه و ارتقای آن به «مکان عمومی پایدار» .
- تجدیدحیات رودخانه مبتنی بر سازندهای مکان عمومی پایدار در راستای ایجاد کیفیات و تاثیرات مطلوب.
- تجدیدحیات پایدار رودخانه متناظر با چرخه حیات مکان عمومی: «بسترسازی»، «مکان سازی»، «بهره‌برداری»، «مکان‌داری» و «مکان پروری».
- تمرکز توأم بر پنج گانه «درونداد (رودخانه)، فرایند (تجدید حیات پایدار)، برونداد (مکان عمومی پایدار)، کیفیات، اثرات».

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Analytical Study of Urban River Regeneration as a Sustainable Public Place and Explanation of its Conceptual Model; Case studies: Balgholi Chai (Ardabil), Zayandehrood (Isfahan), Karun (Ahvaz), Zarjoub (Rasht)‎

نویسندگان [English]

  • Seyed Mojtaba Safdarnejad 1
  • Seyed Abdolhadi Daneshpour 2
  • Mostafa Behzadfar 3

1 Ph.D. in Urban Planning, Faculty of Architecture and Environmental Design, Iran University of Science & Technology, Tehran, Iran.

2 Associate Professor, Faculty of Architecture and Environmental Design, Iran University of Science & Technology, Tehran, Iran.

3 Professor, Faculty of Architecture and Environmental Design, Iran University of Science & Technology, Tehran, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Extended Abstract
Background and Objectives: Urban rivers are public spaces whose relationship with humans has been the focus of renewed attention in the 2000s and are considered a suitable opportunity for local communities. The experiences of the cities such as Dezful, Isfahan, Shushtar, etc., show that rivers have played an effective role in locating and expanding cities, providing water and energy, ventilation and climate comfort, creating social spaces and spending leisure time, and have been a part of the residents’ lives. However, their current situation indicates oblivion and ignorance of the links between people, cities, and rivers. So, rivers have faced many challenges, such as instability, pollution, habitat destruction, and malfunctions with the rapid development of urbanization. In urban design, this situation has weakened the spatial quality and turned rivers into wetlands with various problems. Therefore, any effort to preserve and restore these water sources is very important. In this regard, urban design can play an important role by re-establishing the links between the city and the river. For this purpose, the current research seeks an integrated approach of “river regeneration as a sustainable public place”; A natural-urban area that brings the river from the peripheral regions to the urban context to be effective in the quality of urban life. The latter approach of “sustainable waterfront urban regeneration” seeks to revive them as “sustainable places” in balance with the category of ecological protection. The current research is trying to explain how to revive the river as a sustainable public place while investigating people’s assessment of the measures taken on rivers and their macro quality as public places.
Methods: The philosophical foundation of the research is pragmatism. Therefore, the research approach is combinational, and the research method is based on the case study of the rivers in Isfahan, Ahvaz, Ardabil, and Rasht. The concepts and methods of sustainable revitalization have been analyzed through literature review and similar experiences and have been completed through field surveys based on content analysis and contextual theory.
Findings: “Sustainable revitalization of the river as a sustainable public place” is a comprehensive and integrated approach and a strategic and synergistic program in the framework of sustainable development (with a priority on the environmental dimension) in line with connecting the river with the city’s life system and returning it to the context of citizens’ lives. So, this framework is introduced along with revitalizing the river and paying attention to its challenges, with minimal physical interventions and changing the instrumental view of humans, through the processes of bed creation, place-making, exploitation, place ownership, and place cultivation, as a “sustainable public place” focusing on the urban rivers to emerge, play a role in the social life of citizens and compete with other economic sectors. Using the latest aspect of sustainable urban regeneration, i.e., creating a “sustainable place” that relies on the dimension of social sustainability as a certainty of development, this approach has made the public space of urban rivers centered on the river a criterion of action and the relationship between the city and its residents. It establishes a close relationship with nature. In fact, the attraction and access of the city people to the river by relying on the social aspect of nature, such as spending leisure time, their common interest, the protection of the river in the minds of the citizens, etc., leads to a balance between economic interests and environmental goals and provides public access to the river. 
Conclusion: The geospatial information of the case studies shows that from people’s point of view, the quality of public places based on Karun and Zarjoub is at a medium to a low level, Balgholi Chai of Ardabil is at a medium level, and Zayandehrood of Isfahan is at a medium to a high level. Nevertheless, corrective measures have improved the condition of the rivers and their public places to some extent. The sustainable revitalization of urban rivers seeks to revive them in the form of a “sustainable public place”. The macro mechanisms of this approach include the balancing of the river dimensions, an active and comprehensive consideration, the facilitation of various functions, a holistic approach to the river, the priority of the river sanitation condition as an open biological system full of diversity, simultaneous focus on “input, process, output, qualities, effects”, river integration, grounding the human presence to experience the place, redefining the place of the river in macro-environmental, social, economic systems, balancing the process with the life cycle of the public place and relying on its formations, paying attention to the expectations of the citizens in the process and facilitating the communication of the city, the citizens, and the river.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Sustainable Urban Regeneration
  • Riverfront Regeneration
  • Sustainable Public Place
  • Urban River
  • Place Management
  • Place Cultivation

این مقاله برگرفته از رساله دکتری نویسنده نخست با عنوان «واکاوی سازوکارهای تجدیدحیات رودخانه‌های شهری به‌مثابه مکان‌های عمومی پایدار» می‌باشد که به راهنمایی نویسنده دوم و مشاوره نویسنده سوم در دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران انجام گرفته است.

This article is derived from the first author`s doctoral thesis entitled “Rediscovering Mechanisms of urban Regeneration of rivers as sustainable public places”, supervised by the second authors and advised by the third, at Iran University of Science & Technology.

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