معماری و شهرسازی ایران(JIAU)

تحلیلی بر مؤلفه‌های کالبدی و اجتماعی مؤثر بر میزان دلبستگی به خانه

مقالات آماده انتشار

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

محمد حق شناس 1
صلاح الدین مولانایی 2
شادیه سیاری 3

1 استادیار، گروه معماری، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران.

2 دانشیار، گروه معماری، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران.

3 دانشجوی دکتری شهرسازی، گروه شهرسازی، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران.

10.30475/isau.2025.448131.2141
چکیده
دلبستگی به خانه شکلی خاص و شدیدتر از دلبستگی مکانی است که بر پیوند عاطفی فرد با خانه خود متمرکز است. مشخص کردن عوامل اثرگذار بر این دلبستگی در دورانی که فرایند جهانی‌شدن، منحصر به فرد بودن مکان‌ها را تهدید و ارتباط مردم را با محل سکونت‌شان تضعیف کرده است، اهمیت زیادی دارد. ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ با هدف مشخص‌کردن دقیق‌تر تأثیر مؤلفه‌های کالبدی و اجتماعی بر دلبستگی به خانه انجام شد. برای این منظور، پرسش‌نامه‌هایی شامل مقیاس‌های «دلبستگی به خانه» و «توصیف محیط خانه» در اردیبهشت ۱۴۰۲ بین جامعه هدف (۲۱۶ نفر از مردم شهر سنندج) توزیع شد. نتایج این پژوهش همبستگی متوسطی را بین دلبستگی به خانه و توصیف محیط خانه نشان داد. همچنین مشخص شد میزان رضایت ﺍفرﺍد مسن از محیط زندگی‌شان بیشتر است. یکی از نتایج قابل‌توجه، منفی بودن رابطه همبستگی بین دلبستگی به خانه با تعداد سال‌های سکونت بود که می‌تواند حاصل دو عامل فرسوده شدن محیط فیزیکی خانه، نیاز به روزآمد شدن در فرهنگ ایرانی یا ترکیبی از این دو باشد. یکی از نتایج دیگر منفی بودن رابطه همبستگی بین دلبستگی به خانه با افزایش تعداد ساکنان منزل بود که احتمال دارد به دلایلی نظیر متفاوت بودن ترجیحات افراد برﺍی ﺍیجاد یک فضای دلخوﺍﻩ، کاهش امکانات رفاهی، و ازبین رفتن حریم خصوصی ایجاد شده باشد. نتایج همچنین نشان داد افراد متأهل علاوه بر آن‌که دلبستگی بیشتری به خانه داشتند، توصیف بهتری از آن هم ارائه می‌کردند. این موضوع نشان می‌دهد همبستگی خانوادگی پیش از دلبستگی به خانه توسعه می‌یابد. یافته‌های این پژوهش می‌تواند در طراحی محیط‌های مسکونی به‌منظور افزایش دلبستگی و حس تعلق افراد به محل سکونت‌شان استفاده شود.

تازه های تحقیق

- مشخص‌کردن تأثیر مؤلفه‌های کالبدی و اجتماعی بر دلبستگی به خانه. 
- تأثیر فرهنگ، ترجیحات و امکانات در میزان دلبستگی. 
- دلبستگی قوی‌تر افراد متأهل به خانه، نشان می‌دهد همبستگی خانوادگی پیش از دلبستگی به خانه توسعه می‌یابد. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

دلبستگی به خانه
توصیف محیط خانه
حس تعلق به مکان
هویت مکان
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

An Analysis of the Physical and Social Factors Influencing Home Attachment

نویسندگان English

Mohammad Haghshenas 1
Salahedin Molanaei 2
Shadieh Sayari 3
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Art and Architecture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Art and Architecture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran.
3 Ph.D. Candidate in Urban Planning and Design, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Art and Architecture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran.
چکیده English

Extended Abstract
Background and Objectives: Given the growing importance of the concept of place attachment in the field of environmental psychology and the widespread impacts of globalization on individuals’ relationships with their living environments, this study investigates the factors influencing attachment to home in the city of Sanandaj. Based on existing theories, place attachment is defined as a multidimensional concept encompassing spatial dimensions (architectural and urban design characteristics), human dimensions (social and relational characteristics), and functional dimensions (services and facilities), and it plays a significant role in enhancing individuals’ quality of life. The main objective of this study is to identify and explain the relationship between the individual characteristics of Sanandaj residents and their level of attachment to home, using standardized measurement instruments and rigorous data analysis conducted with SPSS software. The findings of this study can contribute to a deeper understanding of the factors influencing the formation and strengthening of attachment to home and provide practical strategies and effective policy recommendations for improving the quality of life of urban residents and creating more sustainable and desirable residential environments.
Methods: This study employed an analytical-survey research design using a questionnaire as the primary data collection instrument. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 26. Statistical tests were selected according to the type and measurement level of the variables. Accordingly, Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to examine relationships between quantitative variables, Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient to assess relationships between quantitative and ordinal variables, and the Mann–Whitney U test to compare distributions between two independent groups. All variables used in this study, except for the city of residence, were coded as ordinal variables based on a Likert scale. City of residence was treated as a nominal variable. The study population consisted of all residents of the city of Sanandaj. Using convenience sampling, a total of 216 participants were selected. Data were collected using both paper-based and online questionnaires. The paper questionnaires were distributed at three different locations, while the online questionnaires were disseminated through the social media platforms Telegram and WhatsApp. The main eligibility criteria for participation were being at least 15 years old and providing voluntary consent to participate in the study.
Findings: This study, based on the analysis of 182 valid questionnaires (52.7% male and 47.3% female), revealed that attachment to home increased with participants’ age. However, Spearman’s correlation analysis showed a significant negative relationship between attachment to home and both the number of years of residence in the home (ρ=−0.270, p<0.001) and the number of household members (ρ=−0.183, p<0.05). These findings indicate that longer periods of residence and a greater number of household members were associated with lower levels of attachment to home. In contrast, Pearson’s correlation analysis demonstrated a significant positive relationship between attachment to home and home environment description (r = 0.536, p<0.001). The coefficient of determination (R²) was 0.287, indicating that 28.7% of the variance in attachment to home could be explained by the home environment description measure. Furthermore, the Mann–Whitney U test revealed that married participants exhibited both higher levels of attachment to home (p<0.01) and more positive evaluations of their home environment (p< 0.05). These results particularly highlight the importance of marital status in strengthening attachment to home. The findings may contribute to the development of interventions and policies aimed at improving quality of life and enhancing place attachment in urban communities.
Conclusion: This study aimed to identify the variables influencing attachment to home and employed two standardized instruments: the Home Attachment Scale and the Home Environment Description measure. The findings indicated that the Persian versions of both instruments demonstrated satisfactory validity; however, it is recommended that negatively worded items be avoided in instruments designed to measure place attachment. Significant correlations were found between the items of the Home Environment Description measure and the Home Attachment Scale, suggesting that the former may also serve as a useful measure of attachment to home. Furthermore, age was positively associated with attachment to home, and married participants reported higher levels of home attachment, suggesting that family cohesion and emotional bonds may extend to the home environment itself. In contrast, attachment to home was negatively associated with both the length of residence and the number of household members. These relationships may be attributable to factors such as the deterioration of the home’s physical environment over time, culturally influenced preferences for modernization and renewal, and reduced access to personal space as the number of household members increases.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Home Attachment
Home Environment Description
Sense of Place
Place Identity

این پژوهش براساس قرارداد شماره 30656/12/102ص مورخ 13/08/1402 با حمایت مالی دانشگاه کردستان انجام شده است. 

This research was conducted under Contract No. 30656/12/102ص, dated 4 November 2023, with financial support from the University of Kurdistan. 

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